Journal Articles

Rambert, C, Nield, JM, Narteau, C, Delorme, P, Wiggs, GFS, Baddock, M, Best, J, Christensen, KT, Claudin, P (2025) Modeling the dynamics of aeolian meter-scale bedforms induced by bed heterogeneities, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 122(20), e2426143122, ISSN: 0027-8424. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2426143122.

Baddock, M, Hall, A, Rideout, J, Bryant, R, Bullard, J, Gassó, S (2024) Satellite observations of Arctic blowing dust events >82°N, Weather, 80(2), pp.61-66, ISSN: 0043-1656. DOI: 10.1002/wea.7617.

Hennen, M, Chappell, A, Webb, N, Schepanski, K, Baddock, M, Eckardt, F, Kandakji, T, Lee, J, Nobakht, M, von Holdt, J (2023) A new framework for evaluating dust emission model development using dichotomous satellite observations of dust emission, Science of The Total Environment, 912, 169237, ISSN: 0048-9697. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169237.

Chappell, A, Webb, N, Hennen, M, Zender, C, Ciais, P, Schepanski, K, Edwards, B, Ziegler, N, Balkanski, Y, Tong, D, Leys, J, Heidenreich, S, Hynes, R, Fuchs, D, Zeng, Z, Baddock, M, Lee, J, Kandakji, T (2023) Elucidating hidden and enduring weaknesses in dust emission modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 128(17), e2023JD038584, ISSN: 2169-897X. DOI: 10.1029/2023JD038584.

Bullard, J, Prater, C, Baddock, M, Anderson, NJ (2023) Diurnal and seasonal source‐proximal dust concentrations in complex terrain, West Greenland, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 48(14), pp.2808-2827, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.5661.

Chappell, A, Webb, N, Hennen, M, Schepanski, K, Ciais, P, Balkanski, Y, Zender, C, Tegen, I, Zhenzhong, Z, Tong, D, Baker, B, Ekstrom, M, Baddock, M, Eckardt, F, Kandakji, T, Leff, J, Nobakht, M, von Holdt, J, Leys, J (2023) Satellites reveal Earth's seasonally shifting dust emission sources, Science of The Total Environment, 883, 163452, ISSN: 0048-9697. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163452.

Delorme, P, Nield, J, Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Bristow, N, Best, J, Christensen, K, Claudin, P (2023) Field evidence for the initiation of isolated aeolian sand patches, Geophysical Research Letters, 50(4), e2022GL101553, ISSN: 0094-8276. DOI: 10.1029/2022GL101553.

Gadal, C, Delorme, P, Narteau, C, Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Nield, J, Claudin, P (2022) Local wind regime induced by giant linear dunes: comparison of ERA5-land reanalysis with surface measurements, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 185(3), pp.309-332, ISSN: 0006-8314. DOI: 10.1007/s10546-022-00733-6.

Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Thomas, D, Washington, R, Nield, J, Engelstaedter, S, Bryant, R, Eckardt, F, von Holdt, J, Kötting, S (2022) Quantifying mechanisms of aeolian dust emission: field measurements at Etosha Pan, Namibia, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127(8), e2022JF006675, ISSN: 2169-9003. DOI: 10.1029/2022JF006675.

Van-Soest, M, Bullard, J, Prater, C, Baddock, M, Anderson, NJ (2022) Annual and seasonal variability in high latitude dust deposition, West Greenland, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(10), pp.2393-2409, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.5384.

Dansie, AP, Thomas, DSG, Wiggs, GFS, Baddock, M, Ashpole, I (2022) Plumes and blooms – Locally-sourced Fe-rich aeolian mineral dust drives phytoplankton growth off southwest Africa, Science of The Total Environment, 829, 154562, ISSN: 0048-9697. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154562.

Bristow, NR, Best, J, Wiggs, GFS, Nield, JM, Baddock, M, Delorme, P, Christensen, KT (2022) Topographic perturbation of turbulent boundary layers by low-angle, early-stage aeolian dunes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47(6), pp.1439-1454, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.5326.

Hennen, M, Chappell, A, Edwards, BL, Faist, AM, Kandakji, T, Baddock, MC, Wheeler, B, Tyree, G, Treminio, R, Webb, NP (2021) A North American dust emission climatology (2001–2020) calibrated to dust point sources from satellite observations, Aeolian Research, pp.100766-100766, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100766.

Muhs, DR, Meco, J, Budahn, JR, Skipp, GL, Simmons, KR, Baddock, M, Betancort, JF, Lomoschitz, A (2021) Long-term African dust delivery to the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Sahara and Sahel regions: Evidence from Quaternary paleosols on the Canary Islands, Spain, Quaternary Science Reviews, 265, 107024, ISSN: 0277-3791. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107024.

von Holdt, JRC, Eckardt, FD, Baddock, M, Hipondoka, MHT, Wiggs, GFS (2021) Influence of sampling approaches on physical and geochemical analysis of aeolian dust in source regions, Aeolian Research, 50, 100684, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2021.100684.

Baddock, M, Bryant, R, Acosta, MD, Gill, T (2020) Understanding dust sources through remote sensing: making a case for CubeSats, Journal of Arid Environments, 184, 104335, ISSN: 0140-1963. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2020.104335.

Delorme, P, Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Claudin, P, Nield, J, Valdez, A (Accepted for publication) Dune initiation in a bimodal wind regime, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, ISSN: 2169-9011.

Holdt, JRC, Eckardt, FD, Baddock, MC, Wiggs, GFS (2019) Assessing landscape dust emission potential using combined ground‐based measurements and remote sensing data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2018JF004713, ISSN: 2169-9003. DOI: 10.1029/2018jf004713.

Chappell, A, Lee, JA, Baddock, M, Gill, TE, Herrick, JE, Leys, JF, Marticorena, B, Petherick, L, Schepanski, K, Tatarko, J, Telfer, M, Webb, NP (2018) A clarion call for aeolian research to engage with global land degradation and climate change, Aeolian Research, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2018.02.007.

Baddock, M, Nield, JM, Wiggs, GFS (2017) Early-stage aeolian protodunes: bedform development and sand transport dynamics, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.4242.

Nield, JM, Wiggs, GFS, Baddock, M, Hipondoka, MHT (2017) Coupling leeside grainfall to avalanche characteristics in aeolian dune dynamics, Geology, 45(3), pp.271-274, ISSN: 0091-7613. DOI: 10.1130/G38800.1.

Van Pelt, S, Baddock, M, Zobeck, TM, D'Odorico, P, Ravi, S, Bhattachan, A (2017) Total vertical sediment flux and PM10 emissions from disturbed Chihuahuan Desert surfaces, Geoderma, 293, pp.19-25, ISSN: 0016-7061. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.031.

O'Loingsigh, T, Chubb, T, Baddock, M, Kelly, T, Tapper, NJ, De Deckker, P, McTainsh, GH (2017) Sources and pathways of dust during the Australian 'Millennium Drought' decade, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 122(2), pp.1246-1260, ISSN: 2169-897X. DOI: 10.1002/2016JD025737.

Nash, SMB, Baddock, M, Takahashi, E, Dawson, A, Cropp, R (2017) Domoic acid poisoning as a possible cause of seasonal cetacean mass stranding events in Tasmania, Australia, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, ISSN: 1432-0800. DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1906-4.

Baddock, M, Mockford, T, Bullard, J, Thorsteinsson, T (2016) Pathways of high-latitude dust in the North Atlantic, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 459, pp.170-182, ISSN: 0012-821X. DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.034.

Bullard, J, Baddock, M, Bradwell, T, Crusius, J, Darlington, EF, Gaiero, D, Gasso, S, Gisladottir, G, Hodgkins, R, McCulloch, R, McKenna-Neuman, C, Mockford, T, Stewart, H, Thorsteinsson, T (2016) High latitude dust in the Earth system, Reviews of Geophysics, 54(2), ISSN: 8755-1209. DOI: 10.1002/2016RG000518.

Baddock, M, Ginoux, P, Bullard, J, Gill, TE (2016) Do MODIS-defined dust sources have a geomorphological signature?, Geophysical Research Letters, ISSN: 0094-8276. DOI: 10.1002/2015GL067327.

Baddock, M, Parsons, K, Strong, CL, Leys, J, McTainsh, GH (2015) Drivers of Australian dust: a case study of frontal winds and dust dynamics in the lower Lake Eyre Basin, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, ISSN: 1096-9837. DOI: 10.1002/esp.3773.

Acosta-Martinez, V, Van Pelt, S, Moore-Kucera, J, Baddock, M, Zobeck, TM (2015) Microbiology of wind-eroded sediments: current knowledge and future research directions, Aeolian Research, 18, pp.99-113, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2015.06.001.

Baddock, M, Strong, CL, Leys, J, Heidenreich, SK, Tews, EK, McTainsh, GH (2014) A visibility and total suspended dust relationship, Atmospheric Environment, 89, pp.329-336, ISSN: 1352-2310. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.038.

Padilla, JE, Calderón, FJ, Acosta-Martinez, V, Van Pelt, S, Gardner, T, Baddock, M, Zobeck, TM, Noveron, JC (2014) Diffuse-reflectance mid-infrared spectroscopy reveals chemical differences in soil organic matter carried in different size wind eroded sediments, Aeolian Research, 15, pp.193-201, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.06.003.

Baddock, M, Boskovic, L, Strong, C, McTainsh, G, Bullard, J, Agranovski, I, Cropp, R (2013) Iron‐rich nanoparticles formed by aeolian abrasion of desert dune sand, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(9), pp.3720-3729, ISSN: 1525-2027. DOI: 10.1002/ggge.20229.

Van Pelt, RS, Baddock, MC, Zobeck, TM, Acosta-Martinez, V, Schlegel, AJ, Vigil, MF (2013) Field wind tunnel testing of two silt loam soils on the North American Central High Plains, Aeolian Research, 10, pp.53-59, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.009.

Zobeck, TM, Baddock, M, Scott Van Pelt, R, Tatarko, J, Acosta-Martinez, V (2013) Soil property effects on wind erosion of organic soils, Aeolian Research, 10, pp.43-51, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2012.10.005.

Baddock, M, Strong, CL, Murray, PS, McTainsh, GH (2013) Aeolian dust as a transport hazard, Atmospheric Environment, 71, pp.7-14, ISSN: 1352-2310. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.01.042.

Ravi, S, Baddock, MC, Zobeck, TM, Hartman, J (2012) Field evidence for differences in post-fire aeolian transport related to vegetation type in semi-arid grasslands, Aeolian Research, 7, pp.3-10, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.12.002.

Bhattachan, A, D’Odorico, P, Baddock, MC, Zobeck, TM, Okin, GS, Cassar, N (2012) The Southern Kalahari: a potential new dust source in the Southern Hemisphere?, Environmental Research Letters, 7(2), pp.024001-024001, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/7/2/024001.

Hugenholtz, CH, Levin, N, Barchyn, TE, Baddock, MC (2012) Remote sensing and spatial analysis of aeolian sand dunes: A review and outlook, Earth-Science Reviews, 111(3-4), pp.319-334, ISSN: 0012-8252. DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.11.006.

Gardner, T, Acosta-Martinez, V, Zobeck, TM, Baddock, MC, Van Pelt, RS, Senwo, Z, Dowd, S, Cox, S (2012) Pyrosequencing reveals bacteria carried in different wind-eroded sediments, Journal of Enviromental Quality, 41, pp.744-753, DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0347.

Lee, JA, Baddock, MC, Mbuh, MJ, Gill, TE (2012) Geomorphic and land cover characteristics of aeolian dust sources in West Texas and eastern New Mexico, USA, Aeolian Research, 3(4), pp.459-466, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.08.001.

Baddock, MC, Wiggs, GFS, Livingstone, I (2011) A field study of mean and turbulent flow characteristics upwind, over and downwind of barchan dunes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(11), pp.1435-1448, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.2161.

Baddock, MC, Zobeck, TM, Van Pelt, RS, Fredrickson, EL (2011) Dust emissions from undisturbed and disturbed, crusted playa surfaces: Cattle trampling effects, Aeolian Research, 3(1), pp.31-41, ISSN: 1875-9637. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2011.03.007.

Baddock, M, Gill, TE, Bullard, J, Acosta, MD, Rivera, NI (2011) Geomorphology of the Chihuahuan Desert based on potential dust emissions, ISSN: 1744-5647. DOI: 10.4113/jom.2011.1178.

Okin, GS, Bullard, JE, Reynolds, RL, Ballantine, JAC, Schepanski, K, Todd, MC, Belnap, J, Baddock, MC, Gill, TE, Miller, ME (2011) Dust: Small-Scale Processes with Global Consequences, Eos - Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 92(29), pp.241-242, ISSN: 0096-3941.

Bullard, JE, Harrison, SP, Baddock, MC, Drake, N, Gill, TE, McTainsh, G, Sun, Y (2011) Preferential dust sources: A geomorphological classification designed for use in global dust-cycle models, Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, 116(4), ISSN: 0148-0227. DOI: 10.1029/2011JF002061.

Van Pelt, RS, Zobeck, TM, Baddock, MC, Cox, JJ (2010) Design, construction, and calibration of a portable boundary layer wind tunnel for field use, Transactions of the Asabe, 53(5), pp.1413-1422, ISSN: 2151-0032.

Strong, CL, Bullard, J, Dubois, C, McTainsh, GH, Baddock, M (2010) Impact of wildfire on interdune ecology and sediments: an example from the Simpson Desert, Australia, ISSN: 0140-1963.

Baddock, M, Bullard, J, Bryant, RG (2009) Dust source identification using MODIS: a comparison of techniques applied to the Lake Eyre Basin, Australia, ISSN: 0034-4257. DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.03.002.

Bullard, J, Baddock, M, McTainsh, GH, Leys, J (2008) Sub-basin scale dust source geomorphology detected using MODIS, ISSN: 0094-8276. DOI: 10.1029/2008GL033928.

Baddock, MC, Livingstone, I, Wiggs, GFS (2007) The geomorphological significance of airflow patterns in transverse dune interdunes, Geomorphology, 87(4), pp.322-336, ISSN: 0169-555X. DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.10.006.

Livingstone, I, Wiggs, GFS, Baddock, M (2005) Barchan dunes: why they cannot be treated as ‘solitons’ or ‘solitary waves’, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(2), pp.255-257, ISSN: 0197-9337. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1206.

Conferences

Delorme, P, Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Nield, J, Best, J, Christensen, K, Bristow, N, Valdez, A, Claudin, P (Accepted for publication) Proto-dune formation under a bimodal wind regime. In European Geophysical Union General Assembly, Vienna, Austria. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-182.

Bristow, N, Best, J, Christensen, K, Baddock, M, Wiggs, G, Delorme, P, Nield, J (Accepted for publication) The Origin of Aeolian Dunes – PIV measurements of flow structure over early stage protodunes in a refractive-index-matching flume. In European Geosciences Union, Vienna, Austria. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4259.

Chapters

Bryant, RG and Baddock, MC (2022) Remote Sensing of Aeolian Processes. In Treatise on Geomorphology, pp.84-119, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00132-2.

Bryant, R and Baddock, M (2021) Remote sensing of aeolian processes. In Lancaster, N (ed) Treatise on Geomorphology (2nd Edition), Elsevier, pp.1-35, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-818234-5.00132-2.

Bullard, J and Baddock, M (2019) Dust: sources, entrainment, transport. In Aeolian Geomorphology: a new introduction, © John Wiley & Sons Ltd, pp.81-106, ISBN: 9781118945667.

Muhs, DR, Prospero, JM, Baddock, MC, Gill, TE (2014) Identifying sources of aeolian mineral dust: present and past. In Knippertz, P and Stuut, J-BW (ed) Mineral Dust: a key player in the Earth system, Springer, pp.51-74, ISBN: 9789401789783. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8978-3_3.

Zobeck, TM, Baddock, MC, Van Pelt, RS (2013) Anthropogenic Environments. In Treatise on Geomorphology, pp.395-413, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00313-4.

Zobeck, TM, Baddock, MC, Van Pelt, RS (2013) 11.20 Anthropogenic Environments. In Treatise on Geomorphology, Elsevier, pp.395-413, ISBN: 9780080885223. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374739-6.00313-4.

Datasets

Rambert, C, M Nield, J, Narteau, C, Delorme, P, FS Wiggs, G, Baddock, M, Best, J, T Christensen, K, Claudin, P (2025) Supplementary information files for "Modeling the dynamics of aeolian meter-scale bedforms induced by bed heterogeneities", DOI: 10.17028/rd.lboro.29390072.

Other

Gadal, C, Delorme, P, Narteau, C, Wiggs, GFS, Baddock, M, M. Nield, J, Claudin, P (2025) Local wind regime induced by giant linear dunes, Emergence and growth of sand dunes result from the dynamic interaction between topography, wind flow and sediment transport. While feedbacks between these variables are well studied at the scale of a single and relatively small dune, the average effect of a periodic large-scale dune pattern on atmospheric flows remains poorly constrained, due to a pressing lack of data in major sand seas. Here, we compare local measurements of surface winds to the predictions of the ERA5-Land climate reanalysis at four locations in Namibia, both within and outside the giant linear dune field of the Namib Sand Sea. In the desert plains to the north of the sand sea, observations and predictions agree well. This is also the case in the interdune areas of the sand sea during the day. At night, however, an additional wind component aligned with the giant dune orientation is measured, in contrast to the easterly wind predicted by the ERA5-Land reanalysis.For the given dune orientation and measured wind regime, we link the observed wind deviation to the daily cycle of the turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. At night, a shallow boundary layer induces flow confinement above the giant dunes, resulting in large flow deviations, especially for the slower easterly winds. During the day, the feedback of the giant dunes on the atmospheric flow is much weaker due to the thicker boundary layer and higher wind speeds. Finally, we propose that the confinement mechanism and the associated wind deflections induced by giant dunes could explain the development of smaller-scale secondary dunes, which elongate obliquely in the interdune areas of the primary dune pattern.Published article: Gadal, C, Delorme, P, Narteau, C, Wiggs, G. F, Baddock, M, Nield, J. M, & Claudin, P. (2022). Local wind regime induced by giant linear dunes: comparison of ERA5-land reanalysis with surface measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 185(3), 309-332.                                                    . DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu25-6096.

Poxon, S, Baddock, M, Bullard, J (2025) A 21-year evaluation of MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth retrievals during Icelandic dust events, The wind-blown entrainment, transportation, and deposition of mineral dust originating in the high latitudes plays a significant role in atmospheric, cryospheric, marine and terrestrial environments at the regional scale. However, the intermittent nature of dust events occurring over broad spatial scales is difficult to capture from field studies alone. Remote sensing datasets are well-suited to overcoming some of these spatial limitations, and while they have been effectively used to characterise and understand dust activity across the major global hotspots, they lack application in high latitude dust regions. The use of surface observations of dust, such as those recorded at meteorological stations, is an important step in assessing the value of data retrieved from space. Meteorological observations have an established application in monitoring wind erosion and dust activity at broad spatial and temporal scales, however their use as a comparative method for evaluating data retrieved from remote sensing remains under explored.This research presents the first systematic comparison of remotely-sensed data and ground-based present weather dust codes for a high latitude region, using Iceland as a case study. Remote sensing datasets including Aerosol Optical Depth, Angstrom Exponent and Single Scattering Albedo are derived from the MODIS Level-2 Aerosol Product at 10 km resolution, has and have been evaluated against coded present weather reports of dust obtained from 23 Icelandic meteorological stations for the study period 2001 – 2022. Preliminary analysis indicates that Aerosol Optical Depth is elevated for dust constrained days which allows some inference about the seasonality of dust activity.  Further comparative testing of ground-based and remotely-sensed data may create opportunities for better understanding the opportunities and limitations associated with remote sensing of high latitude dust activity in regions where ground-based data are not available.. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu25-17479.

Rambert, C, Narteau, C, Nield, J, Wiggs, G, Delorme, P, Baddock, M, Claudin, P (2025)  A two-dimensional model for the dynamics of sand patches, Sand patches are one of the early stages of aeolian bedforms. They form onnon-erodible surfaces in both desert and coastal environments. Their initiation is associated with thechange of saltation transport law on rigid and granular beds [1]. Here wepresent a two-dimensional model that couples these surface-dependenttransport laws with the feedback of the bed elevation on the wind flow.Analysing the spatio-temporal evolution of an initial very flat sandpatch, we emphasise the central role of the input flux as well as thelengthscale over which occurs the transition between the two transportlaws. We also show that, for adjusted parameters of the model, we are ableto reproduce the growth and the propagation of these small metre-scalebedforms over time, in quantitative comparison with field measurements.[1] P. Delorme, J.M. Nield, G.F.S. Wiggs, M.C. Baddock, N.R. Bristow, J.Best, K.T. Christensen and P. Claudin, Field evidence for the initiationof isolated aeolian sand patches, Geophys. Res. Lett. 50e2022GL101553(2023).. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16020.

Hennen, M, Chappell, A, Webb, N, Schepanski, K, Baddock, M, Eckardt, F, Kandakji, T, Lee, J, Nobakht, M, von Holdt, J (2022) Using dichotomous satellite observations of dust emission to improve dust emission modelling for future climate predictions, <p>Atmospheric mineral dust has a significant impact on many Earth’s systems, including the energy budget, with subsequent alterations to the climate. These impacts occur directly, by altering the radiative properties of the atmosphere, or indirectly, through changes in cloud formation and precipitation rates. Accordingly, dust emission processes, determined by dust emission models are required to accurately predict climate response in climate change scenarios. Dust emission models remain poorly constrained either by parameterisations or available data and measurements of dust in the atmosphere have long been used for their calibration. However, there is growing recognition that this calibration to atmospheric dust confounds the magnitude and frequency of emission from dust sources and hides potential weaknesses in dust emission model formulation. In the satellite era, dichotomous (presence=1 or absence=0) observations of dust emission point sources (DPS) provide a valuable inventory of regional dust emission. We used these DPS data to evaluate dust emission model performance using coincidence of simulated and observed dust emission (or lack of emission). We evaluated the recently developed albedo-based dust emission model (AEM), with some inherited constraints it dynamically represents land surface roughness (vegetation to grain scale), varying over space (500m resolution) and through time (daily), improving predictions of wind friction velocity at the land surface .  Using a total of 37,352 unique DPS locations aggregated into 1,945 1° grid boxes to harmonise data across the studies we identified a total of 59,688 dust emissions. The DPS data alone revealed that dust emission rarely recurs at the same location, even in North Africa and the Middle East (occurring 1.8% of the time), indicating that dust emission is an extreme, large wind speed event. The AEM over-estimated the occurrence of dust emission by up to 2 orders of magnitude, coincided with dichotomous observations 71% of the time but incorrectly simulated dust emission 27%. Our analysis indicates that a key constraint to dust emission modelling is that entrainment threshold is typically too small, needed to vary over space and time and at a scale consistent with the model. During observed dust emission,   was often too small because modelled wind speeds (ERA5; 11 km) were too small. The absence of any limit to sediment supply caused the AEM to simulate dust emission whenever <em>P</em>(<em>u</em><em><sub>s*</sub></em> > <em>u</em><em><sub>*ts</sub></em>), producing many false positives when and where wind speeds were frequently large. These results demonstrate the wind range of constraints to existing dust emission modelling, which will continue to hinder dust-climate projections. The improvement of dust emission modelling is essential against dust emission point source data to provide a consistent, reproducible, and valid framework for routine evaluation and potential model optimisation.</p><p> </p>. DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8203.