Journal Articles
Kujovic, L, Liu, X, Zhou, Z, Robertson, S, Abbas, A,
Togay, M, Machin, S, Kenyon, J, Elsayed, Z, Curson, K, Llewelyn, C, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC, Zhang, W, Lee, C, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2026)
Improved Voc using Ce-alloyed ZnO buffer layers in thin film CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells,
Jphys Energy, 8(2), 025017, DOI:
10.1088/2515-7655/ae7760.
Keller, J, Mudgal, S, Jurado‐Estrada, A,
Togay, M, Bowers, JW, Edoff, M (2026)
Titanium‐Doped In
2
O
3
: A High‐Mobility, Thermally Stable Back Contact for Bifacial Chalcopyrite Solar Cells,
Solar RRL, 10(6), e70291, ISSN: 2367-198X. DOI:
10.1002/solr.70291.
Liu, X, Kujovic, L, Zhou, Z, Robertson, S,
Togay, M, Kenyon, J, Infante-Ortega, L, Bliss, M, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Llewelyn, C, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC, Lee, C, Zhang, W, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2025)
Improved interface passivation in high-efficiency Se-alloyed CdTe solar cells using a SnO2 /ZnO n-type bilayer,
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 297, 114139, ISSN: 0927-0248. DOI:
10.1016/j.solmat.2025.114139.
Infante-Ortega, L, Liu, X, Curson, K, Kujovic, L,
Togay, M, Law, A, Abbas, A, Isherwood, P, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2025)
Thin film Indium Tin oxide transparent conductors: comparing the effects of deposition temperature and annealing,
Thin Solid Films, 827, 140784, ISSN: 0040-6090. DOI:
10.1016/j.tsf.2025.140784.
Togay, M, Kujovic, L, Abbas, A, Curson, K, Jones, L, Ellis, R, Bliss, M, Barth, K, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2025)
The effect of annealing and CdCl2 activation on the electrical properties of thin film ZnO buffer layers for CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells,
Journal of Physics: Energy, DOI:
10.1088/2515-7655/adfd87.
Kujovic, L, Liu, X,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Law, A, Jones, L, Curson, K, Barth, K, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Oklobia, O, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC, Zhang, W, Lee, C, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2025)
Development of ZnO buffer layers for as‐doped CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells with efficiency exceeding 20%,
Advanced Materials Technologies, 10(13), 240136, ISSN: 2365-709X. DOI:
10.1002/admt.202401364.
Valdés, MH, Abbas, A,
Togay, M, Benhaddou, N, Kenyon, J, Kornienko, V, Vázquez, MV, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2025)
Morphological inhomogeneities in sprayed Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cells,
Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 190, 109342, ISSN: 1369-8001. DOI:
10.1016/j.mssp.2025.109342.
Hunwick, N, Liu, X,
Togay, M, Walls, J, Bowers, J, Isherwood, P (2024)
The effect of oxygen on NiO as a back buffer layer in CdTe solar cells,
Energy Advances, 3(7), pp.1746-1753, DOI:
10.1039/d4ya00125g.
Liu, X, Abbas, A,
Togay, M, Kornienko, V, Greenhalgh, R, Curson, K, Bowers, J, Barth, K, Walls, M, Bastola, E, Barros-King, G, Phillips, AB, Heben, MJ (2024)
The effect of remnant CdSe layers on the performance of CdSeTe/CdTe photovoltaic devices,
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 267, 112717, ISSN: 0927-0248. DOI:
10.1016/j.solmat.2024.112717.
Pering, SR, Abdulgafar, H, Mudd, M, Yendall, K,
Togay, M, Elsegood, MRJ (2024)
Band-gap engineering in methylammonium bismuth bromide perovskites for less-toxic perovskite solar cells,
Materials Advances, 5(2), pp.625-631, DOI:
10.1039/d3ma00589e.
Law, A, Kujovic, L,
Togay, M, Greenhalgh, R, Infante-Ortega, L, Liu, X, Walls, M (2023)
A broadband multilayer antireflection coating for thin film CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells,
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 14(2), pp.305-310, ISSN: 2156-3381. DOI:
10.1109/JPHOTOV.2023.3341586.
Kujovic, L, Liu, X, Abbas, A, Jones, L, Law, A,
Togay, M, Curson, K, Barth, K, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Oklobia, O, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC, Zhang, W, Lee, C, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2023)
Achieving 21.4% efficient CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells using highly resistive intrinsic ZnO buffer layers,
Advanced Functional Materials, 34(14), 2312528, ISSN: 1616-301X. DOI:
10.1002/adfm.202312528.
Game, OS, Thornber, T, Cepero‐Mejías, F, Infante-Ortega, L,
Togay, M, Cassella, EJ, Kilbride, RC, Gordon, RH, Mullin, N, Greenhalgh, R, Isherwood, P, Walls, M, Fairclough, JPA, Lidzey, DG (2023)
Direct integration of perovskite solar cells with carbon fiber substrates,
Advanced Materials, 36(20), 2209950, ISSN: 0935-9648. DOI:
10.1002/adma.202209950.
Togay, M, Greenhalgh, R, Fiducia, TA, Shimpi, T, Sampath, W, Barth, K, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2023)
Transient metastable behavior caused by magnesium-doped zinc oxide emitters in CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells,
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 13(3), pp.391-397, ISSN: 2156-3381. DOI:
10.1109/jphotov.2023.3243399.
Pering, S, Gillions, H, Kuznetsov, T, Zhang, W, Yendall, K,
Togay, M (2022)
Investigation of solution-based synthesis of non-toxic perovskite materials using Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn as the B-site cation for photovoltaic applications,
Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 10(39), pp.14722-14728, ISSN: 2050-7526. DOI:
10.1039/d2tc02582e.
Thornber, T, Game, OS, Cassella, EJ, O’Kane, ME, Bishop, JE, Routledge, TJ, Alanazi, TI,
Togay, M, Isherwood, P, Infante-Ortega, L, Hammond, DB, Walls, M, Lidzey, DG (2022)
Nonplanar spray-coated perovskite solar cells,
ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(33), pp.37587-37594, ISSN: 1944-8244. DOI:
10.1021/acsami.2c05085.
Paráda, G, Korsós, F, Bojtor, A, Bos, JWG, Don, E, Bowers, J,
Togay, M (2022)
Exploiting bi-modulated magnetic field and drive current modulation to achieve high-sensitivity Hall measurements on thermoelectric samples,
MRS Advances, 7(28), pp.608-613, DOI:
10.1557/s43580-022-00258-7.
Ulicna, S, Welch, L, Abbas, A,
Togay, M, Tsai, V, Betts, T, Malkov, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2021)
Sodium doping of solution‐processed amine‐thiol based CIGS solar cells by thermal evaporation of NaCl,
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 29(5), pp.546-557, ISSN: 1062-7995. DOI:
10.1002/pip.3408.
Ulicna, S, Arnou, P, Abbas, A,
Togay, M, Welch, L, Bliss, M, Malkov, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2019)
Deposition and application of a Mo–N back contact diffusion barrier yielding a 12.0% efficiency solution-processed CIGS solar cell using an amine–thiol solvent system,
Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7(12), pp.7042-7052, ISSN: 2050-7488. DOI:
10.1039/c8ta12089g.
Wright, L, Lowe, J, Bliss, M, Tsai, V,
Togay, M, Betts, T, Walls, M, Malkov, A, Bowers, J (2018)
Water based spray pyrolysis of metal-oxide solutions for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells using low toxicity amine/thiol complexants,
Thin Solid Films, ISSN: 0040-6090. DOI:
10.1016/j.tsf.2018.11.040.
Bittau, F, Potamialis, C,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Isherwood, P, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2018)
Analysis and optimisation of the glass/TCO/MZO stack for thin film CdTe solar cells,
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, ISSN: 0927-0248. DOI:
10.1016/j.solmat.2018.07.019.
Conferences
Kujovic, L, Liu, X, Zhou, Z, Robertson, S,
Togay, M, Infante-Ortega, L, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Llewelyn, C, A. Lamb, D, Irvine, SJC, Lee, C, Zhang, W, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2025)
Bilayer SnO2/ZnO buffer layers to achieve 21.7% efficient CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells. In
2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Montreal, QC, Canada, pp.316-318, ISBN: 9798331534448. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC59419.2025.11133075.
Togay, M, Kujovic, L, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Lee, C, Zhang, W, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2025)
Electrical properties of ZnO buffer layers and the performance of CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells. In
2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2025 IEEE 53rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp.1277-1279, ISBN: 9798331534448. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc59419.2025.11132834.
Togay, M, Kujovic, L, Ellis, R, Bliss, M, Curson, K, Parada, G, Don, E, Barth, K, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2024)
Investigating electrical properties of highly resistive ZnO films using a parallel dipole line hall effect system. In
2024 IEEE 52nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC); 2024 IEEE 52nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), Seattle, USA, pp.0847-0849, ISBN: 9781665464260. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc57443.2024.10749659.
Kujovic, L, Abbas, A, Jones, LO,
Togay, M, Hunwick, N, Law, AM, Curson, KM, Infante-Ortega, LC, Bowers, JW, Walls, JM (2024)
Degradation of ZnO-Based Buffer Layers for Thin Film CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells. In
2024 IEEE 52nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), pp.1120-1122, DOI:
10.1109/pvsc57443.2024.10749687.
Kujovic, L, Liu, X,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Curson, KM, Jones, LO, Bowers, JW, Walls, JM, Oklobia, O, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC, Zhang, W, Lee, C, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G (2024)
Ce-Alloyed ZnO Buffer Layers for Thin Film CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells. In
2024 IEEE 52nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), pp.1068-1070, DOI:
10.1109/pvsc57443.2024.10749479.
Ellis, RD, Bliss, M, Liu, X, Greenhalgh, R,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Curson, KM, Walls, JM, Bowers, JW, Barth, KL (2024)
Progress on Optimization of CdSe and CdTe Processing and CdCl2 Treatment Parameters. In
, Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp.585-587, DOI:
10.1109/PVSC57443.2024.10748918.
Infante-Ortega, LC, Liu, X, Kujovic, L,
Togay, M, Jones, LO, Abbas, A, Bowers, JW, Walls, JM, Zhang, W, Lee, C, Nagle, T, Lu, D, Xiong, G, Oklobia, O, Lamb, DA, Irvine, SJC (2024)
Optimising the thickness of sputtered SnO2 buffer layers for high efficiency CdSeTe/CdTe devices. In
, Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp.1387-1389, DOI:
10.1109/PVSC57443.2024.10749593.
Greenhalgh, RC, Kornienko, V,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Bastola, E, Phillips, AB, Heben, MJ, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2023)
The microstructure of thin film CdSe following cadmium chloride activation treatment. In
2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), San Juan, PR, USA,ISBN: 9781665460590. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10360054.
Togay, M, Greenhalgh, R, Morris, K, Liu, X, Kujovic, L, Infante-Ortega, L, Hunwick, N, Law, A, Shimpi, T, Walajabad, SS, Don, E, Parada, G, Barth, K, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2023)
Extracting electrical properties of CdTe, CdSeTe and CdSe thin films using a parallel dipole line Hall effect system. In
2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), San Juan, USA,ISBN: 9781665460590. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10359784.
Kujovic, L, Liu, X,
Togay, M, Infante-Ortega, LC, Barth, KL, Bowers, JW, Walls, JM, Oklobia, O, Irvine, SJC, Zhang, W, Miller, DW, Nagle, T, Mallick, R, Lu, D, Metzger, WK, Xiong, G (2023)
19.5% Efficient CdSeTe/CdTe Solar Cells Using ZnO Buffer Layers. In
2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp.1-3, DOI:
10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10359794.
Infante-Ortega, LC, Liu, X, Kujovic, L,
Togay, M, Jones, LO, Abbas, A, Curson, K, Greenhalgh, RC, Barth, KL, Bowers, JW, Walls, JM, Oklobia, O, Irvine, S, Colegrove, E, Good, B, Reese, M (2023)
SnO2 Buffer Layers for High Efficiency CdSeTe/CdTe Devices. In
2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp.1-3, DOI:
10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10359712.
Law, A, Kujovic, L,
Togay, M, Liu, X, Barth, K, Walls, M (2023)
A broadband anti-reflection coating for thin film CdSeTe/CdTe solar cells. In
2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2023 IEEE 50th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), San Juan, PR, USA, pp.1-4, ISBN: 9781665460590. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc48320.2023.10359595.
Morris, KM,
Togay, M, Jones, L, Walls, JM, Bowers, JW (2023)
Co-Sputtered Sn-Doped ZnO Thin Film n-Type Layers for Incorporation into CdTe Based Photovoltaics. In
, Conference Record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC48320.2023.10359899.
Togay, M, Shimpi, T, Walajabad, SS, Barth, K, Don, E, Parada, G, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2022)
Ga-doping of MZO in CdSeTe/CdTe thin film solar cells. In
2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2022 IEEE 49th Photovoltaics Specialists Conference (PVSC), Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp.658-660, ISBN: 9781728161174. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC48317.2022.9938831.
Togay, M, Greenhalgh, R, Shimpi, T, Walajabad, SS, Barth, KL, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2021)
Transient metastable behaviour in highly efficient MZO/CdSeTe/CdTe thin film solar cells. In
2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2021 IEEE 48th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA, pp.637-642, ISBN: 9781665419222. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc43889.2021.9518997.
Greenhalgh, R, Tsai, V, Abbas, A, Kornienko, V, Fiducia, T,
Togay, M, Li, K, Grovenor, CRM, Danielson, AH, Munshi, A, Barth, KL, Sampath, WS, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2020)
Analysis of MZO/CdTe photovoltaic device treated with cadmium bromide. In
2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC); 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), pp.2489-2493, ISBN: 9781728104942. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc40753.2019.8981153.
Welch, L, Ulicna, S,
Togay, M, Tsai, V, Malkov, A, Betts, T, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2020)
Extrinsic doping of amine-thiol solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin film photovoltaics. In
46th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC-46); 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Chicago, IL, pp.1867-1871, ISBN: 9781728104942. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC40753.2019.8980531.
Ulicna, S,
Togay, M, Bliss, M, Tsai, V, Wright, L, Lowe, J, Malkov, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2018)
Electronic properties of solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells using metal chalcogenides and amine-thiol solvent mixtures. In
, Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA,ISBN: 9781538685297. DOI:
10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547821.
Togay, M, Ulicna, S, Bukhari, S, Lisco, F, Bliss, M, Eeles, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2018)
Exploring metastable defect behavior in solution-processed antimony doped CIGS thin film solar cells. In
7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC-7), Waikoloa, Hawaii, US,ISBN: 9781538685297. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547492.
Potamialis, C, Lisco, F, Maniscalco, B,
Togay, M, Bowers, J, Walls, M (2017)
Process development of sublimated Cu-free CdTe solar cells. In
PHOTOVOLTAIC SCIENCE APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY (PVSAT-13), Bangor University, Bangor, UK,ISBN: 0904963837.
Arnou, P, Ulicna, S, Eeles, A,
Togay, M, Wright, L, Malkov, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2017)
Variation of Cu content of sprayed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells based on a Thiol-Amine solvent mixture. In
IEEE PVSC 44, Washington DC,ISBN: 9781509056057. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366765.
Potamialis, C, Lisco, F, Maniscalco, B,
Togay, M, Abbas, A, Bliss, M, Bowers, J, Walls, M, Rimmaudo, I, Fernandez, RM, Rejon, V, Pena, JL (2017)
Photoluminescence imaging analysis of doping in thin film CdS and CdS/CdTe devices. In
44th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialist Conference, Washington DC,ISBN: 9781509056057. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC.2017.8521507.
Ulicna, S, Arnou, P, Eeles, A,
Togay, M, Wright, L, Abbas, A, Malkov, A, Walls, M, Bowers, J (2017)
Control of Mose2 formation in hydrazine-free solution-processed CIS/CIGS thin film solar cells. In
IEEE PVSC-44, Washington, D.C.,ISBN: 9781509056057. DOI:
10.1109/PVSC.2017.8366174.
