Journal Articles

David, D, Baxter, P, Belpaeme, T, Billing, E, Cai, H, Cao, H-L, Ciocan, A, Costescu, C, Garcia, DH, Esteban, PG, Kennedy, J, Liu, H, Matu, S, Mazel, A, Selescu, M, Senft, E, Thill, S, Vanderborght, B, Vernon, D, Ziemke, T (2025) Efficacy and effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy for autism spectrum disorder: From lab to reality, Science Robotics, 10(109), eadl2266, DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adl2266.

Guo, Y, Cai, H, Bramley, G, Atkins, H, Li, B, Theodossiades, S (2025) A review of artificial intelligence in herbarium specimen image analysis, Artificial Intelligence Review, 58(12), 402, ISSN: 0269-2821. DOI: 10.1007/s10462-025-11408-2.

Wang, J, Li, Z, Liu, B, Cai, H, Saada, M, Meng, Q (2025) High-performance inference graph convolutional networks for skeleton-based action recognition, Neurocomputing, 653, 131078, ISSN: 0925-2312. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2025.131078.

Huo, J, Cai, H, Meng, Q (2025) Fast distance-enhanced graph convolutional network for skeleton-based action recognition, Pattern Recognition, 169, 111827, ISSN: 0031-3203. DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2025.111827.

Wang, J, Li, Z, Liu, B, Cai, H, Saada, M, Meng, Q (2024) MGSAN: multimodal graph self-attention network for skeleton-based action recognition, Multimedia Systems, 30(6), 369, ISSN: 0942-4962. DOI: 10.1007/s00530-024-01566-8.

Wang, J, He, W, Xu, H, Cai, H, Chen, X (2024) Sampled-data synchronization for heterogeneous delays inertial neural networks with generally uncertain semi-Markovian jumping and its application, Neural Computing and Applications, 36(33), pp.20963-20982, ISSN: 0941-0643. DOI: 10.1007/s00521-024-10192-4.

Wang, J, Zheng, C, Liu, B, Cai, H, Meng, Q (2024) Motion synthesis via distilled absorbing discrete diffusion model, Multimedia Systems, 30(6), 320, ISSN: 0942-4962. DOI: 10.1007/s00530-024-01492-9.

Wang, J, Jiang, X, Liu, H, Cai, H, Meng, Q (2024) An adaptive Bagging algorithm based on lightweight transformer for multi-class imbalance recognition, Multimedia Systems, 30(2), 99, ISSN: 0942-4962. DOI: 10.1007/s00530-024-01299-8.

Huo, J, Cai, H, Meng, Q (2024) Independent dual graph attention convolutional network for skeleton-based action recognition, Neurocomputing, 583, 127496, ISSN: 0925-2312. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2024.127496.

Jiang, X, Wang, J, Meng, Q, Saada, M, Cai, H (2023) An adaptive multi-class imbalanced classification framework based on ensemble methods and deep network, Neural Computing and Applications, 35(15), pp.11141-11159, ISSN: 0941-0643. DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08290-w.

Jiang, L, Cai, H, Schaefer, G, Meng, Q (2022) A neural refinement network for single image view synthesis, Neurocomputing, 496, pp.35-45, ISSN: 0925-2312. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2022.04.123.

Wang, J, Jiang, X, Meng, Q, Saada, M, Cai, H (2022) Walking motion real-time detection method based on walking stick, IoT, COPOD and improved LightGBM, Applied Intelligence, 52(14), pp.16398-16416, ISSN: 0924-669X. DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03264-2.

Billing, E, Belpaeme, T, Cai, H, Cao, H-L, Ciocan, A, Costescu, C, David, D, Homewood, R, Garcia, DH, Esteban, PG, Liu, H, Nair, V, Matu, S, Mazel, A, Selescu, M, Senft, E, Thill, S, Vanderborght, B, Vernon, D, Ziemke, T (2020) The DREAM Dataset: Supporting a data-driven study of autism spectrum disorder and robot enhanced therapy, PLOS ONE, 15(8), e0236939, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236939.

Zhou, X, Jiang, J, Liu, Q, Fang, J, Chen, S, Cai, H (2020) Learning a 3D gaze estimator with adaptive weighted strategy, IEEE Access, 8, pp.82142-82152, DOI: 10.1109/access.2020.2990685.

Liu, B, Cai, H, Ju, Z, Liu, H (Accepted for publication) Multi-stage adaptive regression for online activity recognition, Pattern Recognition, 98, pp.107053-107053, ISSN: 0031-3203. DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107053.

Cai, H, Jiang, L, Liu, B, Deng, Y, Meng, Q (2019) Assembling convolution neural networks for automatic viewing transformation, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 16(1), pp.587-594, ISSN: 1551-3203. DOI: 10.1109/tii.2019.2940136.

Liu, B, Cai, H, Ju, Z, Liu, H (2019) RGB-D sensing based human action and interaction analysis: A survey, Pattern Recognition, 94, pp.1-12, ISSN: 0031-3203. DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2019.05.020.

Cao, HL, Esteban, PG, Bartlett, M, Baxter, P, Belpaeme, T, Billing, E, Cai, H, Coeckelbergh, M, Costescu, C, David, D, De Beir, A, Hernandez, D, Kennedy, J, Liu, H, Matu, S, Mazel, A, Pandey, A, Richardson, K, Senft, E, Thill, S, Van De Perre, G, Vanderborght, B, Vernon, D, Wakanuma, K, Yu, H, Zhou, X, Ziemke, T (2019) Robot-Enhanced Therapy: Development and Validation of Supervised Autonomous Robotic System for Autism Spectrum Disorders Therapy, IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, 26(2), pp.49-58, ISSN: 1070-9932. DOI: 10.1109/MRA.2019.2904121.

Cai, H, Fang, Y, Ju, Z, Costescu, C, David, D, Billing, E, Ziemke, T, Thill, S, Belpaeme, T, Vanderborght, B, Vernon, D, Richardson, K, Liu, H (2019) Sensing-enhanced therapy system for assessing children with autism spectrum disorders: A feasibility study, IEEE Sensors Journal, 19(4), pp.1508-1518, ISSN: 1530-437X. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2877662.

Zhou, X, Li, J, Chen, S, Cai, H, Liu, H (2018) Multiple Perspective Object Tracking via Context-Aware Correlation Filter, IEEE Access, 6, pp.43262-43273, DOI: 10.1109/access.2018.2861824.

Liao, Y, Sun, Y, Li, G, Kong, J, Jiang, G, Jiang, D, Cai, H, Ju, Z, Yu, H, Liu, H (2017) Simultaneous Calibration: A Joint Optimization Approach for Multiple Kinect and External Cameras, SENSORS, 17(7), ISSN: 1424-8220. DOI: 10.3390/s17071491.

Esteban, PG, Baxter, P, Belpaeme, T, Billing, E, Cai, H, Cao, H-L, Coeckelbergh, M, Costescu, C, David, D, De Beir, A, Fang, Y, Ju, Z, Kennedy, J, Liu, H, Mazel, A, Pandey, A, Richardson, K, Senft, E, Thill, S, Van de Perre, G, Vanderborght, B, Vernon, D, Yu, H, Ziemke, T (2017) How to Build a Supervised Autonomous System for Robot-Enhanced Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 8(1), pp.18-38, DOI: 10.1515/pjbr-2017-0002.

Cai, H, Liu, B, Zhang, J, Chen, S, Liu, H (2015) Visual Focus of Attention Estimation Using Eye Center Localization, IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL, 11(3), pp.1320-1325, ISSN: 1932-8184. DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2015.2441952.

Conferences

Ucuncu, S, Cai, H, Fang, H (2026) LLM-Guided Gym Exercise Feedback from Video: A Feasibility Study. In 2026 6th International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronics and Computing Technology (EECT), Proceeding 2026 6th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Electronics and Computing Technology Eect 2026, Hangzhou, China. DOI: 10.1109/EECT68756.2026.11517800.

Guo, Y, Cai, H, Li, B, Bramley, GLC, Atkins, HJ (2026) Structured reasoning with large language models for few-shot herbarium image classification. In 2025 8th International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI); 2025 8th International Conference on Algorithms, Computing and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI), Nanjing, China,ISBN: 9798331555849. DOI: 10.1109/ACAI68217.2025.11406470.

Thandassery Dharmarajan, S, Zhang, Y, Li, B, Saada, M, Cai, H, Meng, Q, Zhu, Q, Han, Q (2026) Smart railway passenger counting and information systems powered by real-time embedded AI and computer vision. In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES); 2025 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES), Coventry, United Kingdom, pp.453-459, ISBN: 9781665477789. DOI: 10.1109/icves65691.2025.11376469.

Dharmarajan, ST, Zhang, Y, Li, B, Saada, M, Cai, H, Meng, Q, Zhu, Q, Han, Q (2026) Development of a depth imaging-based passenger counting sensor for public transportation. In 2025 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems; 2025 IEEE Recent Advances in Intelligent Computational Systems (RAICS), Cochin, India, pp.192-200, ISBN: 9798331503178. DOI: 10.1109/RAICS66191.2025.11332612.

Tang, K, Cai, H, Li, B (2025) Efficient overhead people counting via improved track association and GIoU-based similarity for public transport monitoring. In 2025 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Deep Learning and Computer Vision (DLCV); 2025 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Deep Learning and Computer Vision (DLCV), Jinan, China,ISBN: 9798331522698. DOI: 10.1109/DLCV65218.2025.11088701.

Almahasneh, M, Li, B, Cai, H, Rajabi, N, Davies, L, Meng, Q (2025) Herbicide efficacy prediction based on object segmentation of glasshouse imagery. In International Conference Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP); Proceedings of the 20th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications, Portugal, pp.375-382, ISBN: 978-989-758-728-3. DOI: 10.5220/0013157000003912.

Zhou, W, Dickenson, P, Cai, H, Li, B (2022) Human following for mobile robots. In Liu, H, Yin, Z, Liu, L, Jiang, L, Gu, G, Wu, X, Ren, W (ed) International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA 2022); Intelligent Robotics and Applications: 15th International Conference, ICIRA 2022, Harbin, China, August 1–3, 2022, Proceedings, Part I, Harbin, China, pp.660-668, ISBN: 9783031138430. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-13844-7_61.

Huo, J, Cai, H, Meng, Q (2022) Graph Instinctive Attention Convolutional Network for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition. In , Conference Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Systems Man and Cybernetics, pp.1606-1611, DOI: 10.1109/SMC53654.2022.9945596.

Zhang, W, Wang, Z, Cai, H, Liu, H (2018) Detection for Joint Attention Based on A Multi-sensor Visual System. In 2018 25th International Conference on Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice (M2VIP), pp.1-6, DOI: 10.1109/m2vip.2018.8600897.

Cai, H, Liu, B, Ju, Z, Thill, S, Belpaeme, T, Vanderborght, B, Liu, H (2018) Accurate Eye Center Localization via Hierarchical Adaptive Convolution. In British Machine Vision Conference, Newcastle.

Liu, B, Cai, H, Ji, X, Liu, H, IEEE, (2018) HUMAN-HUMAN INTERACTION RECOGNITION BASED ON SPATIAL AND MOTION TREND FEATURE. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2017 24TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP), China, pp.4547-4551.

Cai, H, Lee, D, Hwang, J, Fang, Y, Li, S, Liu, H, IEEE, (2017) Embedded Vision based Automotive Interior Intrusion Detection System. In IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC), 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS (SMC), Canada, pp.2909-2914.

Zhou, X, Cai, H, Li, Y, Liu, H (2017) Two-eye model-based gaze estimation from a Kinect sensor. In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp.1646-1653, DOI: 10.1109/icra.2017.7989194.

Zhou, X, Cai, H, Shao, Z, Yu, H, Liu, H (2016) 3D Eye Model-Based Gaze Estimation from a Depth Sensor**This work was supported in part by the EU Seventh Framework Programme (No. 611391, Development of Robot-Enhanced therapy for children with AutisM spectrum disorders (DREAM), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61403342 and 61273286), and Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering (No. 2014KLA09). In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), pp.369-374, DOI: 10.1109/robio.2016.7866350.

Zhou, X, Cai, H, Shao, Z, Yu, H, Liu, H, IEEE, (2016) 3D Eye Model-Based Gaze Estimation from A Depth Sensor. In , 2016 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND BIOMIMETICS (ROBIO), pp.369-374.

Cai, H, Yu, H, Zhou, X, Liu, H (2016) Robust Gaze Estimation via Normalized Iris Center-Eye Corner Vector. In , INTELLIGENT ROBOTICS AND APPLICATIONS, ICIRA 2016, PT I, pp.300-309, ISBN: 978-3-319-43505-3. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43506-0_26.

Cai, H, Zhou, X, Yu, H, Liu, H (2015) Gaze estimation driven solution for interacting children with ASD. In 2015 International Symposium on Micro-NanoMechatronics and Human Science (MHS), pp.1-6, DOI: 10.1109/mhs.2015.7438336.

Cai, H-B, Yul, H, Yao, C-Y, Chen, S-Y, Liu, H-H, IEEE, (2015) CONVOLUTION-BASED MEANS OF GRADIENT FOR FAST EYE CENTER LOCALIZATION. In , PROCEEDINGS OF 2015 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND CYBERNETICS, VOL. 2, pp.759-764.

Ju, Z, Wang, Y, Zeng, W, Cai, H, Liu, H, IEEE, (2014) A Modified EM Algorithm for Hand Gesture Segmentation in RGB-D Data. In , 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FUZZY SYSTEMS (FUZZ-IEEE), pp.1736-1742.

Chapters

Wang, Z, Cai, H, Liu, H (2018) Robust Eye Center Localization Based on an Improved SVR Method. In Neural Information Processing, Springer Nature, pp.623-634, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-04239-4_56.