Journal Articles
Su, Y, ODonnell, E, Hoekstra, S,
Leicht, C (2024)
Facial cooling improves thermal perceptions and maintains the interleukin-6 response during passive heating: A sex comparison Temperature,
Temperature, ISSN: 2332-8940.
OBrien, T, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C (2024)
Compromised heat loss leads to a delayed ice slurry induced reduction in heat storage,
PLoS One.
OBrien, T, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C (2023)
Rectal and gastrointestinal temperature differ during passive heating and subsequent recovery,
Journal of Thermal Biology, 119, 103755, ISSN: 0306-4565. DOI:
10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103755.
Su, Y, Hoekstra, S,
Leicht, C (2023)
Hot water immersion is associated with higher thermal comfort than dry passive heating for a similar rise in rectal temperature and plasma interleukin‑6 concentration,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-023-05336-8.
Hutchinson, MJ, Paulson, TAW,
Leicht, CA, Bennett, H, Eston, R, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2023)
Correction to: Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses to 4 weeks of RPE‑guided handcycle training (European Journal of Applied Physiology, (2023), 123, 9, (1965-1973), 10.1007/s00421-023-05210-7),
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123(9), p.1975, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-023-05229-w.
Hutchinson, M, Paulson, T,
Leicht, C, Bennett, H, Eston, R, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2023)
Oxygen uptake and heart rate responses to 4 weeks of RPE-guided handcycle training,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 123(9), ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-023-05210-7.
Maley, M, Hunt, AP, Stewart, IB, Weier, S, Holland, J,
Leicht, C, Minett, GM (2023)
Hot water immersion acutely reduces peripheral glucose uptake in young healthy males: An exploratory crossover randomized controlled trial,
Temperature, 10(4), pp.434-443, DOI:
10.1080/23328940.2022.2161242.
Murphy, C, Hartescu, I,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2022)
Altered core temperature and salivary melatonin in athletes with a cervical spinal cord injury,
International Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(2), pp.117-125, ISSN: 0172-4622. DOI:
10.1055/a-1925-7531.
Vegter, RJK, Veeger, DHEJ, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C (2022)
Editorial: Adapted sports: Wheeled-mobility, exercise and health,
Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences, 3, 1015179, DOI:
10.3389/fresc.2022.1015179.
Bellini, D, Chapman, C, Peden, D, Hoekstra, S, Ferguson, R,
Leicht, C (2022)
Ischaemic preconditioning improves upper-body endurance performance without altering ⩒O2 kinetics,
European Journal of Sport Science, 23(8), pp.1538-1546, ISSN: 1746-1391. DOI:
10.1080/17461391.2022.2103741.
OBrien, T, Briley, S, Mason, B,
Leicht, C, Tolfrey, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2022)
A high-intensity warm-up increases thermal strain but does not affect repeated sprint performance in athletes with a cervical spinal cord injury,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(3), pp.440-449, ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2021-0073.
Ogawa, T, Hoekstra, S, Kamijo, Y-I, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Walsh, JJ, Tajima, F,
Leicht, C (2021)
Serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentration are elevated by systemic but not local passive heating,
PLoS One, 16(12), e0260775, ISSN: 1932-6203. DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0260775.
Baumgart, J, Ettema, G, Griggs, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C (2021)
A reappraisal of ventilatory thresholds in wheelchair athletes with a spinal cord injury: do they really exist?,
Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 719341, ISSN: 1664-042X. DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2021.719341.
Murphy, C, Hartescu, I, Roberts, IE,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2021)
Sleep characteristics of highly trained wheelchair rugby athletes with and without a cervical spinal cord injury during the competitive season,
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 3, 643233, DOI:
10.3389/fspor.2021.643233.
Mansfield, R, Hoekstra, S, Bill, J,
Leicht, C (2021)
Local cooling during hot water immersion improves perceptions without inhibiting the acute interleukin-6 response,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 121, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-021-04616-5.
Hoekstra, S, Kamijo, Y-I, Matsushita, T,
Leicht, C, Nishiyama, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Nagono, Y, Umemoto, Y, Nakahama, M, Furotani, Y, Tajima, F (2021)
The acute effect of dopamine infusion on lipid and cytokine concentrations in persons with a cervical spinal cord injury – a pilot study,
Spinal Cord, 59(3), pp.274-281, ISSN: 1362-4393. DOI:
10.1038/s41393-021-00613-9.
Hoekstra, S, Ogawa, T, Dos Santos, M, Handsley, G, Bailey, S, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Tajima, F, Cheng, J,
Leicht, C (2021)
The effects of local versus systemic passive heating on the acute inflammatory, vascular and glycaemic response,
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(7), ISSN: 1066-7814. DOI:
10.1139/apnm-2020-0704.
Hoekstra, S, Bishop, N,
Leicht, C (2020)
Elevating body temperature to reduce low-grade inflammation: a welcome strategy for those unable to exercise?,
Exercise immunology review, 26, pp.42-55, ISSN: 1077-5552.
Bailey, D, Withers, T, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Dunstan, D,
Leicht, C, Champion, R, Charlett, O, Ferrandino, L (2020)
Acute effects of breaking up prolonged sedentary time on cardiovascular disease risk markers in adults with paraplegia,
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 30(8), pp.1398-1408, ISSN: 0905-7188. DOI:
10.1111/sms.13671.
Hutchinson, M, Kilgallon, J,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2019)
Perceived exertion responses to wheelchair propulsion differ between novice able-bodied and trained wheelchair sportspeople,
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(4), pp.403-407, ISSN: 1440-2440. DOI:
10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.012.
Leicht, C, James, L, Briscoe, JHB, Hoekstra, S (2019)
Hot water immersion acutely increases postprandial glucose concentrations,
Physiological Reports, 7(20), e14223, DOI:
10.14814/phy2.14223.
Stephenson, BT,
Leicht, C, Tolfrey, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2019)
A multi-factorial assessment of elite paratriathletes’ response to two weeks of intensified training,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(7), pp.911-917, ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2018-0838.
Hoekstra, SP and
Leicht, CA (2019)
Can Hot Baths Improve Health?,
Frontiers for Young Minds, 7, DOI:
10.3389/frym.2019.00098.
Stephenson, BT, Hynes, E,
Leicht, C, Tolfrey, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2019)
Brief Report: Training load, salivary immunoglobulin A and illness incidence in elite paratriathletes,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, ISSN: 1555-0273. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2018-0439.
Hoekstra, S,
Leicht, C, Kamijo, Y-I, Kinoshita, T, Stephenson, BT, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Bishop, N, Tajima, F (2019)
The inflammatory response to a wheelchair half-marathon in people with a spinal cord injury - the role of autonomic function,
Journal of Sports Sciences, ISSN: 0264-0414. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2019.1586296.
Au, JS, Kamijo, Y-I, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C, MacDonald, MJ, Mukai, Y, Tajima, F (2019)
Comparison between esophageal and intestinal temperature responses to upper-limb exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury,
Spinal Cord, ISSN: 1476-5624. DOI:
10.1038/s41393-019-0257-5.
Hoekstra, S, Westerman, MN, Beke, F, Bishop, N,
Leicht, C (2019)
Modality-specific training adaptations – do they lead to a dampened acute inflammatory response to exercise?,
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 44(9), pp.965-972, ISSN: 1715-5312. DOI:
10.1139/apnm-2018-0693.
Hoekstra, S, Wright, AK, Bishop, N,
Leicht, C (2019)
The effect of temperature and heat shock protein 72 on the ex vivo acute inflammatory response in monocytes,
Cell Stress and Chaperones, ISSN: 1355-8145. DOI:
10.1007/s12192-019-00972-6.
Hoekstra, SP, Bishop, N, Faulkner, SH, Bailey, S,
Leicht, C (2018)
Acute and chronic effects of hot water immersion on inflammation and metabolism in sedentary, overweight adults,
Journal of Applied Physiology, 125(6), pp.2008-2018, ISSN: 8750-7587. DOI:
10.1152/japp.hysiol.00407.2018.
Withers, TM, Croft, L, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Dunstan, DW,
Leicht, C, Bailey, DP (2018)
Cardiovascular disease risk marker responses to breaking up prolonged sedentary time in individuals with paraplegia: the Spinal Cord Injury Move More (SCIMM) randomised crossover laboratory trial protocol,
BMJ Open, DOI:
10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021936.
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Bishop, N (2018)
Exercise intensity and its impact on relationships between salivary immunoglobulin A, saliva flow rate and plasma cortisol concentration,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-018-3847-6.
van der Scheer, JW, Kamijo, Y-I,
Leicht, C, Millar, PJ, Shibasaki, M, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Tajima, F (2018)
A comparison of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation during mild whole-body cold stress in individuals with and without cervical spinal cord injury: a pilot study,
Spinal Cord, pp.469-477, ISSN: 1476-5624. DOI:
10.1038/s41393-017-0021-7.
Ginis, KAM, Van Der Scheer, JW, Latimer-Cheung, AE, Barrow, A, Bourne, C, Carruthers, P, Bernardi, M, Ditor, DS, Gaudet, S, de Groot, S, Hayes, KC, Hicks, AL,
Leicht, C, Lexell, J, Macaluso, S, Manns, PJ, McBride, CB, Noonan, VK, Pomerleau, P, Rimmer, JH, Shaw, RB, Smith, BM, Smith, KM, Steeves, J, Tussler, D, West, CR, Wolfe, DL, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2018)
Response to correspondence from the ESSA Statement authors,
Spinal Cord, ISSN: 1476-5624. DOI:
10.1038/s41393-017-0051-1.
Hashizaki, T, Nishimura, Y, Teramura, K, Umemoto, Y, Shibasaki, M,
Leicht, C, Kouda, K, Tajima, F (2018)
Differences in serum IL-6 response after 1°C rise in core body temperature in individuals with spinal cord injury and cervical spinal cord injury during local heat stress,
International Journal of Hyperthermia, ISSN: 0265-6736. DOI:
10.1080/02656736.2018.1511838.
Ginis, KAM, van der Scheer, JW, Latimer-Cheung, AE, Barrow, A, Bourne, C, Carruthers, P, Bernardi, M, Ditor, DS, Gaudet, S, de Groot, S, Hayes, KC, Hicks, AL,
Leicht, C, Lexell, J, Macaluso, S, Manns, PJ, McBride, CB, Noonan, VK, Pomerleau, P, Rimmer, JH, Shaw, RB, Smith, BM, Smith, KM, Steeves, J, Tussler, D, West, CR, Wolfe, DL, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2017)
Evidence-based scientific exercise guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury: an update and a new guideline,
Spinal Cord, 56, ISSN: 1362-4393. DOI:
10.1038/s41393-017-0017-3.
Hoekstra, SP, Bishop, N,
Leicht, C (2017)
Can intervals enhance the inflammatory response and enjoyment in upper-body exercise?,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, pp.1-9, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-017-3602-4.
Faulkner, S, Jackson, S, Fatania, G,
Leicht, C (2017)
The effect of passive heating on heat shock protein 70 and interleukin-6: a possible treatment tool for metabolic diseases?,
Temperature, 4(3), pp.292-304, ISSN: 2332-8959. DOI:
10.1080/23328940.2017.1288688.
Leicht, C, Paulson, TAW, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Bishop, N (2017)
Salivary alpha amylase not chromogranin A reflects sympathetic activity: exercise responses in elite male wheelchair athletes with or without cervical spinal cord injury,
Sports Medicine - Open, ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1186/s40798-016-0068-6.
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Bishop, N (2017)
Comparable neutrophil responses for arm exercise and intensity-matched leg exercise,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, ISSN: 1530-0315. DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0000000000001258.
Leicht, C, Paulson, TAW, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Bishop, N (2016)
Arm and intensity-matched leg exercise induce similar inflammatory responses,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 48(6), pp.1161-1168, ISSN: 0195-9131. DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0000000000000874.
Perret, C, Wenger, M,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2016)
Locomotor-respiratory coupling in wheelchair racing athletes: a pilot study,
Frontiers of Exercise Physiology, ISSN: 1664-042X. DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2016.00011.
Leicht, C, Papanagopolous, A, Haghighat, S, Faulkner, S (2016)
Increasing heat storage by wearing extra clothing during upper body exercise up-regulates heat shock protein 70 but does not modify the cytokine response,
Journal of Sports Sciences, ISSN: 1466-447X. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2016.1235795.
Yoda, T, Griggs, KE,
Leicht, CA, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2015)
The effect of increased ambient temperature on thermoregulatory responses in spinal cord injured people,
Extreme Physiology & Medicine, 4(S1), A157, DOI:
10.1186/2046-7648-4-s1-a157.
Griggs, K,
Leicht, C, Price, MJ, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2015)
Thermoregulation during intermittent exercise in athletes with a spinal cord injury,
Int J Sports Physiol Perform, Oct 28(Epub), ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.2014-0361.
Paulson, T, Goosey-Tolfrey, V,
Leicht, C, Bishop, N (2015)
Plasma cytokine and exertional responses in relation to exercise intensity and volume of exercising muscle mass during arm-crank ergometry,
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, ISSN: 1715-5320. DOI:
10.1139/apnm-2014-0537.
Leicht, C, Kouda, K, Umemoto, Y, Banno, M, Kinoshita, T, Moriki, T, Nakamura, T, Bishop, N, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Tajima, F (2015)
Hot water immersion induces an acute cytokine response in cervical spinal cord injury,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, ISSN: 1439-6327. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-015-3206-9.
West, CR,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V, Romer, LM (2015)
Perspective: does laboratory-based maximal incremental exercise testing elicit maximum physiological responses in highly-trained athletes with cervical spinal cord injury?,
Frontiers of Exercise Physiology, ISSN: 1664-042X. DOI:
10.3389/fphys.2015.00419.
Mason, B, Lenton, JP,
Leicht, C, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2014)
A physiological and biomechanical comparison of over-ground, treadmill and ergometer wheelchair propulsion,
Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(1), pp.78-91, ISSN: 0264-0414. DOI:
10.1080/02640414.2013.807350.
Leicht, C, Griggs, K, Lavin, J, Tolfrey, K, Goosey-Tolfrey, V (2014)
Blood lactate and ventilatory thresholds in wheelchair athletes with tetraplegia and paraplegia,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 114(8), pp.1635-1643, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-014-2886-x.
Paulson, TAW, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL, Lenton, JP,
Leicht, CA, Bishop, NC (2013)
Spinal cord injury level and the circulating cytokine response to strenuous exercise,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45, xxx, DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31828f9bbb.
Goosey-Tolfrey, VL and
Leicht, CA (2013)
Field-based physiological testing of wheelchair athletes,
Sports Medicine, 43(2), pp.77-91, ISSN: 0112-1642. DOI:
10.1007/s40279-012-0009-6.
Leicht, CA, Tolfrey, K, Lenton, JP, Bishop, NC, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2013)
The verification phase and reliability of physiological parameters in peak testing of elite wheelchair athletes,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(2), pp.337-345, DOI:
10.1007/s00421-012-2441-6.
Leicht, CA, Goosey-Toffrey, VL, Bishop, NC (2013)
Spinal cord injury: Known and possible influences on the immune response to exercise,
EXERCISE IMMUNOLOGY REVIEW, 19, pp.144-163, ISSN: 1077-5552.
Leicht, CA, Bishop, NC, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (Accepted for publication) Mucosal immune responses during court training in elite tetraplegic athletes, Spinal Cord, ISSN: 1362-4393. DOI: 10.1038/sc.2012.47.
Leicht, CA, Bishop, NC, Goosey Tolfrey, VL (2012)
Submaximal exercise responses in tetraplegic, paraplegic and non spinal cord injured elite wheelchair athletes,
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22(6), pp.729-736, DOI:
10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01328.x.
Paulson, TAW, Bishop, NC,
Leicht, CA, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2012)
Perceived exertion as a tool to self-regulate exercise in individuals with tetraplegia,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, pp.1-9, ISSN: 1439-6319.
Leicht, CA, Tolfrey, K, Lenton, JP, Bishop, NC, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2012)
The verification phase and reliability of physiological parameters in peak testing of elite wheelchair athletes,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, pp.1-9, ISSN: 1439-6319.
Leicht, CA, Bishop, NC, Paulson, TAW, Griggs, KE, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2012)
Salivary immunoglobulin a and upper respiratory symptoms during 5 months of training in elite tetraplegic athletes,
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 7(3), pp.210-217, ISSN: 1555-0265. DOI:
10.1123/ijspp.7.3.210.
Leicht, CA, Tolfrey, K, Lenton, JP, Bishop, NC, Goosey-Tolfrey, VL (2012) Erratum to: The verification phase and reliability of physiological parameters in peak testing of elite wheelchair athletes,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, pp.1-1, ISSN: 1439-6319.
Leicht, CA, Bishop, NC, Goosey Tolfrey, VL (2011)
Mucosal immune responses to treadmill exercise in elite wheelchair athletes,
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(8), pp.1414-1421, DOI:
10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820ac959.
Leicht, CA, Smith, PM, Sharpe, G, Perret, C, Goosey Tolfrey, VL (2010)
The effects of a respiratory warm-up on the physical capacity and ventilatory response in paraplegic individuals,
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(6), pp.1291-1298, ISSN: 1439-6319. DOI:
10.1007/s00421-010-1613-5.
Leicht, C and Perret, C (2008) Comparison of blood lactate elimination in individuals with paraplegia and able-bodied individuals during active recovery from exhaustive exercise,
J Spinal Cord Med, 31(1), pp.60-64.
