Journal Articles

Myatt, BJ, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Long, E, Gavtash, B, Lewis, DA, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2022) Unlocking further understanding of the atomization mechanism of a pressurized metered dose inhaler, Aerosol Science and Technology, 56(11), pp.1022-1032, ISSN: 0278-6826. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2022.2116305.

Sarangi, AK, Garner, C, McTaggart-Cowan, GP, Davy, MH, Hargrave, G (2020) The impact of intake pressure on high exhaust gas recirculation low-temperature compression ignition engine combustion using borescopic imaging, International Journal of Engine Research, 22(7), pp.2347-2361, ISSN: 1468-0874. DOI: 10.1177/1468087420926024.

Knight, T, Long, E, Yuan, R, Garner, C, Hargrave, G (2020) Experimental Interpretation of Compression Ignition In-Cylinder Flow Structures, pp.2020-01, ISSN: 0148-7191. DOI: 10.4271/2020-01-0791.

Uyanwaththa, AR, Malalasekera, W, Hargrave, G, Dubal, MR (2019) Large eddy simulation of scalar mixing in jet in a cross-flow, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, ISSN: 0742-4795. DOI: 10.1115/1.4042089.

Kitchener, BG, Dixon, SD, Howarth, KO, Parsons, AJ, Wainwright, J, Bateman, MD, Cooper, JR, Hargrave, G, Long, E, Hewett, CJ (2019) A low-cost bench-top research device for turbidity measurement by radially distributed illumination intensity sensing at multiple wavelengths, HardwareX, 5, DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2019.e00052.

Zhao, P, Hargrave, G, Versteeg, H, Garner, C, Reid, BA, Long, E, Zhao, H (2018) The dynamics of droplet impact on a heated porous surface, Chemical Engineering Science, 190, pp.232-247, ISSN: 0009-2509. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.030.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, BJ, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2018) A model of transient internal flow and atomization of propellant/ethanol mixtures in pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDI), Aerosol Science and Technology, 52(5), pp.494-504, ISSN: 0278-6826. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2018.1433814.

Merusi, C, Brambilla, G, Long, E, Hargrave, G, Versteeg, H (2018) Optical diagnostics studies of air flow and powder fluidisation in Nexthaler®. Part II: Use of fluorescent imaging to characterise transient release of fines from a dry powder inhaler, International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 549(1-2), pp.96-108, ISSN: 0378-5173. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.032.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, B, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2017) Transient flashing propellant flow models to predict internal flow characteristics, spray velocity and aerosol droplet size of a pMDI, Aerosol Science and Technology, ISSN: 0278-6826. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2017.1282151.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, B, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2017) Transient aerodynamic atomisation model to predict aerosol droplet size of pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI), Aerosol Science and Technology, ISSN: 0278-6826. DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2017.1327121.

Gavtash, B, Myatt, B, O'Shea, H, Mason, F, Lewis, D, Church, T, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, G, Brambilla, G (2016) SATURATED VAPOUR PRESSURE (SVP) MEASUREMENT OF ETHANOL/HFA BINARY MIXTURES, JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY, 29(3), pp.A12-A12, ISSN: 1941-2711.

Parker, M and Hargrave, G (2016) The development of a visualisation tool for acquired motorsport data, Proceedings - Institution of Mechanical Engineers, ISSN: 1754-338X. DOI: 10.1177/1754337115615256.

Allen, M, Hargrave, GK, Efthymiou, P, Page, V, Tillier, J-Y, Holt, C (2015) The characterisation of a centrifugal separator for engine cooling systems, Transaction of Society of Automotive Engineers, DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1693.

Pasquali, I, Merusi, C, Brambilla, G, Long, E, Hargrave, G, Versteeg, H (2015) Optical diagnostics study of air flow and powder fluidisation in Nexthaler (R)-Part I: Studies with lactose placebo formulation, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS, 496(2), pp.780-791, ISSN: 0378-5173. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.072.

Lockyer, TO, Reid, BA, Hargrave, G, Gaynor, PD, Wilson, J (2015) Optical investigation on the ability of a cordierite substrate mixing device to combat deposits in SCR dosing systems, Society of Automotive Engineers, ISSN: 0148-7191. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1039.

Gaynor, P, Reid, BA, Hargrave, G, Lockyer, TO, Wilson, J (2015) An experimental investigation into DEF dosing strategies for heavy duty vehicle applications, SAE International Journal of Engines, 8(3), ISSN: 1946-3936. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1028.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Cooper, JR, Kitchener, BGB, Parsons, AJ, Hewett, CJM, Wainwright, J (2014) Experimental investigation into the impact of a liquid droplet onto a granular bed using three-dimensional, time-resolved, particle tracking, PHYSICAL REVIEW E, 89(3), ARTN 032201, ISSN: 1539-3755. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.032201.

Reid, BA, Gavaises, M, Mitroglou, N, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Long, EJ, McDavid, RM (2014) On the formation of string cavitation inside fuel injectors, Experiments in Fluids, 55(1), ISSN: 0723-4864. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-013-1662-8.

Reid, BA, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, McDavid, RM (2013) An optical comparison of the cavitation characteristics of diesel and bio-diesel blends in a true-scale nozzle geometry, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH, 14(6), pp.622-629, ISSN: 1468-0874. DOI: 10.1177/1468087413501499.

Efthymiou, P, Davy, MH, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Rimmer, JET, Richardson, D (2013) Insights into cold-start disi combustion in an optical engine operating at -7°C, SAE International Journal of Engines, 6(2), pp.1059-1074, ISSN: 1946-3936. DOI: 10.4271/2013-01-1309.

Cooper, JR, Wainwright, J, Parsons, AJ, Onda, Y, Fukuwara, T, Obana, E, Kitchener, B, Long, EJ, Hargrave, GH (2012) A new approach for simulating the redistribution of soil particles by water erosion: A marker-in-cell model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117(4), ISSN: 0148-0227. DOI: 10.1029/2012JF002499.

Rimmer, JET, Davy, MH, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2012) Fuel spray structure, flame propagation and charge motion at fuel impingement locations within a DISI engine, pp.199-214, DOI: 10.1533/9780857096043.

Di Sarli, V, Di Benedetto, A, Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK (2012) Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry of dynamic interactions between hydrogen-enriched methane/air premixed flames and toroidal vortex structures, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, ISSN: 0360-3199.

Johnson, BT, Hargrave, GK, Reid, B, Page, VJ (2011) Crankcase sampling of PM from a fired and motored compression ignition engine, SAE International Journal of Engines, 4(2), pp.2498-2509, ISSN: 1946-3936. DOI: 10.4271/2011-24-0209.

Long, EJ and Hargrave, GK (2011) Experimental Measurement of Local Burning Velocity Within a Rotating Flow, FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION, 86(3-4), pp.455-476, ISSN: 1386-6184. DOI: 10.1007/s10494-011-9331-6.

Johnson, BT, Hargrave, GK, Reid, B, Page, VJ (2011) Crankcase sampling of pm from a fired and motored compression ignition engine, SAE Technical Papers.

Reid, BA, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Wigley, G (2010) An investigation of string cavitation in a true-scale fuel injector flow geometry at high pressure, Physics of Fluids, 22(3), pp.1-3, ISSN: 1070-6631. DOI: 10.1063/1.3372174.

Di Sarli, V, Di Benedetto, A, Russo, G, Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK (2010) LES and Laser Measurements of Dynamic Flame/Vortex Interactions, Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation VII, ERCOFTAC Series, 13(5), pp.419-422, ISSN: 1382-4309. DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3652-0_62.

Unadkat, H, Rielly, CD, Hargrave, GK, Nagy, ZK (2009) Application of flourescent PIV and digital image analysis to measure turbulence properties of solid-liquid stirred suspensions, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 87, pp.573-586, DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2008.11.011.

Clarke, A and Hargrave, GK (2009) Measurements of laminar premixed methane-air flame thickness at ambient conditions, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 223(C8), pp.1969-1973, ISSN: 0954-4062. DOI: 10.1243/09544062JMES1259.

Li, L, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Potter, T, Halse, C (2009) Numerical investigation on fluid flow of gear lubrication, SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 1(1), pp.1056-1062, ISSN: 0096-736X.

Di Sarli, V, Di Benedetto, A, Russo, G, Jarvis, S, Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK (2009) Large Eddy Simulation and PIV Measurements of Unsteady Premixed Flames Accelerated by Obstacles, Journal of Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 83(2), pp.PP 227-250, ISSN: 1386-6184. DOI: 10.1007/s10494-008-9198-3.

Putman, ERJ, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2008) Partial image error (PIE) in Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV), 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference, DOI: 10.2514/6.2008-3711.

Hargrave, GK (2007) Optical diagnostics for automotive applications, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING, 221(D6), pp.I-I, ISSN: 0954-4070. DOI: 10.1177/095440700722100601.

Kakade, P, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Genova, P, Williams III, RC, Deaton, D (2007) Design Optimization of a Novel MDI Actuator for Systemic Drug Delivery, Journal of Aerosol Medicine, 20(4), pp.460-474, ISSN: 0894-2684. DOI: 10.1089/jam.2007.0595.

Khoo, YC, Heather, A, Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Versteeg, HK (2006) An experimental and numerical study of flow processes in pressure-swirl GDI injectors, 10th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, ICLASS 2006.

Justham, T, Jarvis, S, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2006) Simultaneous Study of Intake and In-Cylinder IC Engine Flow Fields to Provide an Insight into Intake Induced Cyclic Variations, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 45, pp.146-153, ISSN: 1742-6588.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2006) Time Resolved Digital PIV Measurements of Flow Field Cyclic Variation in an Optical IC Engine, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 45, pp.38-45, ISSN: 1742-6588.

Jarvis, S and Hargrave, GK (2006) A temporal PIV study of flame/obstacle generated vortex interactions within a semi-confined combustion chamber, Measurement, Science and Technology, 17(1), pp.91-100, ISSN: 1361-6501. DOI: 10.1088/0957-0233/17/1/016.

Jarvis, S and Hargrave, GK (2006) A Study of Premixed Propagating Flame/Vortex Interaction, Journal of Visualisation, 9(2), ISSN: 1343-8875.

Gardner, C, Greaves, GN, Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Wileman, P, Meneau, F, Bras, W, Thomas, G (2005) In Situ Measurements of Soot Formation in Simple Flames Using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics B, 238(1-4), pp.334-339.

Martin, TW, Wildman, RD, Hargrave, GK, Huntley, JM (2005) Capturing gas and particle motion in an idealised gas-fluidised bed, Powder Technology Journal, 155, pp.175-180.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, GK (2005) Velocity and Concentration Field Measurement in a Turbulent, Impinging Flammable Jet, Chem Eng Sci, 60, pp.219-230.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Genova, PA, Williams III, RC, Deaton, D, Kakade, P (2004) Design optimisation of novel pharmaceutical actuator using optical diagnostics, Paper ESDA2004-58173, Proceedings of the 7th Biennial ASME Conference Engineering Systems Design and Analysis.

Khan, FR, Rielly, CD, Hargrave, GK (2004) A Multi-Block Approach to Obtain Angle-Resolved PIV Measurements of the Mean Flow and Turbulence Fields in a Stirred Vessel, Chemical Engineering & Technology, 27(3), pp.264-269, ISSN: 1521-4125. DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200401998.

Williams, TC and Hargrave, GK (2004) A Study of Flow Structure in a Helmholtz Pulse Combustor Using High-Speed Digital Imaging and Laser Sheet Illumination, Journal of Visualisation, ISSN: 1343-8875.

Anandarajah, K, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2003) Time-resolved particle image velocimetry: Analysis of random errors, Institute of Physics Conference Series, 177, pp.55-60, ISSN: 0951-3248.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2003) Study of flow characteristics and particle trajectories in a model of the human upper airway, Institute of Physics Conference Series, 177, p.251, ISSN: 0951-3248.

Khoo, YC and Hargrave, GK (2003) An investigation of the effect of nozzle characteristics on liquid atomisation in a GDI injector, Institute of Physics Conference Series, 177, pp.77-82, ISSN: 0951-3248.

Ung, LN and Hargrave, GK (2003) An investigation of underexpanded free jets from straight nozzles, Institute of Physics Conference Series, 177, pp.39-44, ISSN: 0951-3248.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, GK (2003) Optical-diagnostic study of two-dimensional, premixed laminar flames, Institute of Physics Conference Series, 177, pp.187-192, ISSN: 0951-3248.

Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC, Halliwell, NA (2003) The development of high-speed particle image velocimetry (20 kHz) for large eddy simulation code refinement in bluff body flows, Experiments in Fluids, 35(1), pp.85-91, ISSN: 1432-1114. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-003-0638-5.

Patel, S, Ibrahim, SS, Yehia, MA, Hargrave, GK (2003) Investigation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion in a Semi-confined Chamber, International Journal of Experimental Heat Transfer, Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 27, pp.355-361, ISSN: 0894-1777.

Halliwell, NA and Hargrave, GK (2003) Optical Engineering: Diagnostics for Industrial Applications, Journal Mechanical Engineering Science, IMechE Part C, 217(6), pp.597-617.

Patel, S, Ibrahim, SS, Yehia, MA, Hargrave, GK (2003) Investigation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion in a Semi-confined Chamber, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 27, pp.355-361, ISSN: 0894-1777.

Kawanabe, H, Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC (2003) Analysis of Turbulence Production in a Jet Using PIV and LIF, Trans JSME Sr B, p.69.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, GK (2002) Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric, Impinging Turbulent Jet. 2. Scalar Field, Experiments in Fluids, 33(4), pp.539-544, ISSN: 1432-1114. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-002-0480-1.

Hargrave, GK and Fairweather, M (2002) Experimental Investigation of an Axisymmetric, Impinging Turbulent Jet. 1. Velocity Field, Experiments in Fluids, 33(3), pp.464-471, ISSN: 1432-1114. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-002-0479-7.

Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Williams, TC (2002) A Study of Transient Flow Turbulence Generation during Flame/Wall Interactions in Explosions, Meas. Sci. Technol, 13, pp.1036-1042, ISSN: 0957-0233.

Page, VJ, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Versteeg, HK (2002) Development of a Validated CFD Process for the Analysis of Inlet Manifold Flows with EGR, SAE Transactions: Journal of Engines, 111(3), pp.343-357, ISSN: 0096-736X.

Patel, S, Jarvis, S, Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK (2002) An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Premixed Flame Deflagration in a Semi-confined Explosion Chamber, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29, pp.1849-1854, ISSN: 1540-7489.

Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Williams, TC (2002) Transient Flow Turbulence Generation During Flame/Wall Interactions in Explosions, Measurement Science and Technology, 13, ISSN: 0957-0233.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, G (2002) Experimental investigation of an axisymmetric, impinging turbulent jet. 1. Velocity field, Experiments in Fluids, 33(3), pp.464-471, ISSN: 0723-4864. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-002-0479-7.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, G (2002) Experimental investigation of an axisymmetric, impinging turbulent jet. 2. Scalar field, Experiments in Fluids, 33(4), pp.539-544, ISSN: 0723-4864. DOI: 10.1007/s00348-002-0480-1.

Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC (2001) Experimental Investigation of Flame/Solid Interactions in Turbulent Premixed Combustion, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 24(3-4), pp.99-106, ISSN: 0894-1777. DOI: 10.1016/S0894-1777(01)00041-3.

Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC (2001) Experimental Investigation of Flame/Solid Interactions in Turbulent Premixed Combustion, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 24, pp.99-106, ISSN: 0894-1777.

Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC, Jarvis, S (2001) High Speed Visualisation of Flame Propagation in Explosions, Journal of Visualisation, 4(4), pp.357-364, ISSN: 1343-8875.

Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Ibrahim, SS (2001) A Study of Transient Flow Turbulence Generation During Flame/Wall Interaction in Explosions, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Paper 1016.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) The response of a Helmholtz pulse combustor to changes in the stream-wise position of a stagnation plate, Journal of the Institute of Energy, 73(495), pp.87-93.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) The Response of a Helmholtz Pulse Combustor to Changes in the Stream-wise Position of a Stagnation Plate, J. Inst. Energy, 73, pp.87-93, ISSN: 0144-2600.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) Inlet mixing and Nox formation in a Helmholtz pulse combustor, Proc. Comb.Inst, 28, pp.120-128.

Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G, Allen, J, Heath, J (2000) Optical diagnostics and direct injection of liquid fuel sprays, Journal of Visualisation, 2(3/4), pp.293-300, ISSN: 1343-8875.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) Inlet mixing and NOx formation in a Helmholtz pulse combustor, (A), p.124.

Fairweather, M, Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS, Walker, DG (1999) Studies of Premixed Flame Propagation in Explosion Tubes, Journal of Combustion and Flame, 116, pp.504-518, ISSN: 0010-2180.

Moloney, KW, Hargrave, GK, Lowndes, IS (1999) An Analysis of Flow Patterns in Auxilliary Ventilated Drivages, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 108, pp.A17-A26, ISSN: 0371-7453.

Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Heath, J (1999) A High Power, High Resolution LDA/PDA System Applied to Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays, Journal of Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, 16, pp.11-19, ISSN: 0721-3115.

Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Allen, J, Bacon, A (1998) The Role of Optical Diagnositics in the Design and Development of Gasoline Direct Injection Engines, ERCOFTAC Bulletin, pp.80-93.

Birch, AD, Brown, DR, Fairweather, M, Hargrave, GK (1989) An Experimental Study of a Turbulent Natural Gas Jet in a Cross-Flow, Combustion Science and Technology, 66, pp.217-232, ISSN: 0010-2202.

Birch, AD and Hargrave, GK (1989) Lift-off heights in underexpanded natural gas jet flames, Symposium (International) on Combustion, 22(1), pp.825-831, ISSN: 0082-0784. DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(89)80092-x.

Birch, AD, Brown, DR, Cook, DK, Hargrave, GK (1988) Flame Stability in Underexpanded Natural Gas Jets, Combustion Science and Technology, 58, pp.267-274, ISSN: 0010-2202.

Hargrave, GK and Birch, AD (1988) Liftoff Heights in Underexpanded Jet Flames, Proc. Comb. Inst, 22, pp.825-831.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1987) Forced convective heat transfer from premixed flames —Part 2: Impingement heat transfer, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 8(2), pp.132-138, ISSN: 0142-727X. DOI: 10.1016/0142-727x(87)90013-0.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1987) Forced convective heat transfer from premixed flames, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 8(1), pp.55-63, ISSN: 0142-727X. DOI: 10.1016/0142-727x(87)90051-8.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1987) Forced Convective Heat Transfer from Premixed Flames - Part 1: Flame Structure, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 8(1), pp.55-63, ISSN: 0142-727X.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1987) Forced Convective Heat Transfer from Premixed Flames - Part 2: Impingement Heat Transfer, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 8(2), pp.89-95, ISSN: 0142-727X.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1986) Turbulence enhancement of stagnation point heat transfer on a circular cylinder, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 7(2), pp.89-95, ISSN: 0142-727X. DOI: 10.1016/0142-727x(86)90052-4.

Hargrave, GK and Williams, A (1986) Operating Characteristics and Convective Heat Transfer of a Natural-Gas Fired Pulsating Combustor, J. Inst. Energy, pp.63-72, ISSN: 0144-2600.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1986) Turbulence Enhancement of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer on a Circular Cylinder, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 7(2), pp.132-138, ISSN: 0142-727X.

Hargrave, GK, Pourkashanian, M, Williams, A (1986) The Combustion and Gasification of Coke and Coal Chars, Proc. Comb. Inst, 21, pp.221-227.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1985) Turbulence enhancement of stagnation point heat transfer on a body of revolution, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 6(2), pp.91-98, ISSN: 0142-727X. DOI: 10.1016/0142-727x(85)90042-6.

Hargrave, GK, Fairweather, M, Kilham, JK (1985) Turbulence Enhancement of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer on a Body of Revolution, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 6(2), pp.91-98, ISSN: 0142-727X.

Conferences

Wilson, JG and Hargrave, GK (2018) Analysis of a Novel Method for Low-Temperature Ammonia Production Using DEF for Mobile Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems. In SAE World Congress 2018, SAE Technical Papers, Detroit. DOI: 10.4271/2018-01-0333.

Johnson, R, Lewis, DI, Young, PM, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G (2018) Determination of density and surface tension in ethanol and HFA 134a mixtures. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2018, Tucson, Arizona, USA, pp.467-472.

Johnson, R, Lewis, DI, Young, PM, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G (2018) Determination of viscosity in ethanol and HFA 134a mixtures. In Respiratory Drug Delivery 2018, Tucson, Arizona, USA, pp.473-476.

Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, B, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2017) Using phase Doppler anemometry & high speed imaging to analyze MDI spray plume dynamics. In Proceedings of RDD Europe 2017,.

Nezami, N, Smith, G, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G (2017) A study of factors affecting nucleation and bubble growth in pressurised metered dose inhalers [Abstract]. In JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY,.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, BJ, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2017) Multi-physics theoretical approach to predict PMDI spray charactersitics [Abstract]. In , Edinburgh. DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.ab02.abstracts.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, G, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G, Myatt, B, O'Shea, H, Mason, F (2016) CFD SIMULATION OF PMDI AEROSOLS IN CONFINED GEOMETRY OF USP-IP USING PREDICTIVE SPRAY SOURCE. In , JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY, pp.A13-A13.

Versteeg, H and Hargrave, G (2016) Seeing is believing: using optical diagnostics to investigate MDI sprays and DPI fluidization. In RDD Asia 2016, Grand Hyatt Hotel, Goa India, pp.199-208, ISBN: 9781942911005.

Gavtash, B, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Myatt, B, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G (2016) Multi-physics theoretical approach to predict pMDI spray characteristics. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs 27, Edinburgh, pp.73-76.

Myatt, B, Newton, R, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G, Hargrave, GK, Versteeg, H, Gavtash, B, Long, E (2015) PDA and High Speed Image Analysis of HFA/Ethanol pMDI Aerosols: New Findings. In Drug Delivery to the Lungs, Edinburgh.

Efthymiou, P, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2015) An Optical Analysis of a DISI Engine Cold Start-Up Strategy. In JSAE/SAE 2015 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, SAE Technical Paper Series. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1877.

Myatt, BJ, Lewis, D, Church, T, Brambilla, G, Hargrave, G, Versteeg, H, Gavtash, B, Long, (2015) PDA Analysis of HFA/Ethanol pMDI Aerosols: An Improved Test Protocol and New Findings. In ICLASS 2015, 13th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Tainan, Taiwan.

Allen, M, Hargrave, G, Efthymiou, P, Page, V, Tillier, J-Y, Holt, C (2015) The Characterisation of a Centrifugal Separator for Engine Cooling Systems. In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1693.

Lockyer, T, Reid, B, Hargrave, G, Gaynor, P, Wilson, J (2015) Optical Investigation on the Ability of a Cordierite Substrate Mixing Device to Combat Deposits in SCR Dosing Systems. In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series. DOI: 10.4271/2015-01-1039.

Reid, B, Gavaises, M, Mitroglou, N, Hargrave, G, Garner, C, McDavid, RM (2015) String cavitation formation inside fuel injectors. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series,, DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/656/1/012099.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Cooper, JR, Kitchener, B, Parsons, AJ, Hewett, C, Wainwright, J (2013) Investigation into the momentum transfer between an impacting raindrop and a granular bed using 3-dimensional particle tracking. In EGU General Assembly 2013, Vienna, Austria, p.11164.

Johnson, BT, Hargrave, GK, Reid, BA, Page, VJ, Wagstaff, S (2012) Optical analysis and measurement of crankcase lubricant oil atomisation. In , SAE Technical Papers. DOI: 10.4271/2012-01-0882.

Woollen, PR, Tillier, JY, Page, VJ, Knight, DE, Hargrave, GK, Reid, BA, Long, EJ (2012) Optical diagnostics and CFD validation of jacket cooling system filling and the occurrence of trapped air. In , SAE Technical Papers. DOI: 10.4271/2012-01-1213.

Rimmer, JET, Davy, MH, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2012) Fuel spray structure, flame propagation and charge motion at fuel impingement locations within a DISI engine. In IMechE Conference Fuel Systems for IC Engines, London, England.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Page, VJ, Sabrazat, N, Wagstaff, S (2009) Investigation into the Performance of a Fixed Geometry Inertial Impaction Device, Paper No. PIV09-0098. In Proceedings of the 8th International symposium on particle image velocimetry (PIV09), Melbourne, Australia, pp.365-369.

Reid, BA, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Long, EJ, Khoo, YC (2009) An Investigation of Internal Flow Structures in Real-Sized High-Pressure Fuel Injectors, Paper No. PIV09-0132. In Proceedings of the 8th International symposium on particle image velocimetry (PIV09), Melbourne, Australia, pp.474-477.

Long, EJ and Hargrave, GK (2009) The use of Asynchronous Particle Image Velocimetry to Measure Local Burning Velocity within a Flow Containing High Rotation, Paper No. PIV09-0097. In Proceedings of the 8th International symposium on particle image velocimetry (PIV09), Melbourne, Australia, pp.361-368.

Long, EJ and Hargrave, GK (2009) The Effect of Flow Rotation on Local Burning Velocity, Paper No. 11.4. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT 2009), Rome, Italy, pp.361-368.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Page, VJ, Sabrazat, N, Wagstaff, S (2009) The Separation of Oil Particles from Two-Phase Flow Using an Inertial Separation Device, Paper No. 24.2. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT 2009), Rome, Italy, pp.380-386.

Reid, BA, Garner, CP, Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK (2009) An investigation of internal flow structures in real-sized fuel injectors, Paper No.21.2. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer (THMT 2009), Rome, Italy, pp.334-339.

Long, EJ and Hargrave, GK (2009) The affect of flow rotation on local burning velocity. In Hanjalic, K, Nagano, Y, Jakirlic, S (ed) 6th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, TURBULENCE, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 6, Rome, ITALY, pp.255-258, ISBN: 978-1-56700-262-1.

Reid, BA, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Long, EJ, Khoo, YC (2009) An investigation of internal flow structures in real-sized high-pressure atomisers. In Hanjalic, K, Nagano, Y, Jakirlic, S (ed) 6th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, TURBULENCE, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 6, Rome, ITALY, pp.787-790, ISBN: 978-1-56700-262-1.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Page, VJ, Sabrazat, N, Wagstaff, S (2009) The separation of oil particles from a two-phase flow using an inertial impaction device. In Hanjalic, K, Nagano, Y, Jakirlic, S (ed) 6th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, TURBULENCE, HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 6, Rome, ITALY, pp.811-814, ISBN: 978-1-56700-262-1.

Rimmer, JET, Long, EJ, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D, Wallace, S (2009) The Influence of Single and Multiple Injection Strategies on In-Cylinder Flow and Combustion within a DISI Engine. In SAE International : Paper No. 2009-01-0660, -, pp.1-17.

Li, L, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Potter, T, Halse, C (2008) A study of fluid flow of gear lubrication in a spur gear box. In Proceedings of VDI Conference Transmission in Vehicles 2008, Friedrichshafen, pp.133-146, ISBN: 978-3-18-092029-0.

Li, L, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Potter, T, Halse, C (2008) Numerical investigation on fluid flow of gear lubrication. In Proceedings of the 2008 SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Congress, PR China, pp.1-8.

Long, EJ, Rimmer, JET, Justham, T, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D, Wallace, S (2008) The Influence of In-cylinder Turbulence upon Engine Performance within a Direct Injection IC Engine. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Modelling and Diagnostics for Advanced Engine Systems (COMODIA 2008), Sapporo, Japan, pp.213-220.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2006) Fundamentals and resilience of the original MDI actuator design. In Proceedings of Respiratory Drug Delivery IX, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp.91-100, ISBN: 1-930114-95-8.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Hind, RJA (2006) Quantitative analysis of dry powder aerosol generation. In Proceedings of Respiratory Drug Delivery IX, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp.675-678, ISBN: 1-930114-97-4.

Kakade, P, Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Williams III, RC, Deaton, D (2006) Design optimization of a novel MDI actuator. In Proceedings of Respiratory Drug Delivery IX, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, pp.663-666, ISBN: 1-930114-97-4.

Justham, T, Jarvis, S, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2006) Single Cylinder Motored SI IC Engine Intake Runner Flow Measurement Using Time Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, SAE Paper No 2006-01-1043. In Proceedings of the SAE 2006 World Congress & Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, USA, pp.1-12.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2006) Motored SI IC Engine In-Cylinder Flow Field Measurement Using Time Resolved Digital PIV for Characterisation of Cyclic Variation, SAE Paper No 2006-01-1044. In Proceedings of the SAE 2006 World Congress & Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, USA, pp.1-18.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Richardson, D (2006) Motored SI IC Engine In-Cylinder Flow Field Measurement Using Time Resolved Digital PIV for Characterisation of Cyclic Variation. In SAE Paper 2006-01-1044, -.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2006) Time Resolved Digital PIV Measurements of Flow Field Cyclic Variation in an Optical IC Engine. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series 45, -, pp.38-45.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Hind, RJA (2005) An optical study of aerosol generation in dry powder inhalers. In Proceedings of Drug Delivery to the Lungs 16, Edinburgh, UK, pp.3-6, ISBN: 0-9544567-5-0.

Justham, T, Jarvis, S, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2005) Simultaneous Study of Intake and In-Cylinder IC Engine Flow Fields to Provide an Insight into Intake Induced Cyclic Variations. In Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, City University, London, UK, pp.169-176.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2005) Time Resolved Digital PIV Measurements of Flow Field Cyclic Variation in an Optical IC Engine. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), City University, London, UK, pp.19-26.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Kirby, M (2005) Internal flow and near-orifice spray visualisations of a model pharmaceutical pressurised metered dose inhaler. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), London, UK.

Gardner, C, Greaves, GN, Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Wildman, P, Meneau, F, Bras, W, Thomas, G (2005) In situ measurements of soot formation in simple flames using small angle X-ray scattering. In 4th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science (SRMS-4), NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, Grenoble, FRANCE, pp.334-339, DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.072.

Anandarajah, K, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2005) Digital particle image velocimetry: Partial image error (PIE). In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), London, UK.

Hargrave, GK, Williams, T, Halliwell, NA (2005) The 3D velocity field of an impacting turbulent jet. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), London, UK.

Long, EJ, Hargrave, GK, Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Halliwell, NA (2005) Characterisation of the interaction between toroidal vortex structures and flame front propagation. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), London, UK.

Khoo, YC and Hargrave, GK (2005) Real sized pressure swirl GDI injectors investigation with HSFV and FPIV. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2005), London, UK.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Genova, PA, Williams III, RC, Deaton, D, Kakade, P (2004) Internal flow and spray characteristics of a pharmaceutical metered dose inhaler. In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems, ILASS Europe 2004, Nottingham, UK, pp.585-590.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Schmalfuss, IM, Genova, P (2004) Optical and MRI imaging - their use in actuator design for improved drug delivery. In Proceedings of Respiratory Drug Delivery IX, California, USA, pp.211-219, ISBN: 1-930114-63-X.

Jarvis, S, Long, E, Hargrave, GK (2004) A Study of Premixed Flame Vortex Interaction. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Optical Diagnostics in Fluids, Solids and Combustion, VSJ-SPIE04, Tokyo, Japan, Paper V0029.

Khoo, YC and Hargrave, GK (2004) Flow Visualisation and PIV Study of Real-sized Pressure Swirl GDI Injectors. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Optical Diagnostics in Fluids, Solids and Combustion, VSJ-SPIE04, Tokyo, Japan, Paper V0015.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Genova, PA, Williams III, RC, Deaton, D, Kakade, P (2004) Internal Flow and Spray Characteristics of a Pharmaceutical Metered Dose Inhaler Using the KOS Vortex Nozzle. In Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the Institute for Liquid Atomisation and Spray Systems, ILASS-04, Nottingham, UK, Paper P94.

Anandarajah, K, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2003) Time resolved digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV): sub-pixel error analysis. In Proceedings of the 7th Asian Symposium on Visualisation, Singapore.

Jarvis, S, Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS (2003) An Experimental Investigation of Flame/Wedge Interaction in Turbulent Premixed Combustion. In Proceedings of the 19th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), Hakone, Japan, pp.1-4.

Patel, S, Bogensperger, M, Tatschl, R, Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK (2003) Coherent Flame Modelling of Turbulent Combustion - A Validation Study. In Proceedings of the 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp.1479-1482.

Patel, S, Bogensperger, M, Tatschl, R, Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK (2003) Coherent Flame Modelling of Turbulent Combustion - A Validation Study. In Proceedings of the 2nd MIT Conference on Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, pp.1479-1482.

Khan, FR, Rielly, CD, Hargrave, GK (2003) A multi-block approach to obtain angle-resolved PIV measurements of the mean flow and turbulence fields in a stirred vessel. In Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Mixing, Bamberg, Germany, pp.47-54, ISBN: 3-931384-45-4.

Khoo, YC and Hargrave, GK (2003) An Optical Diagnostic Investigation of Real-Sized GDI Injectors. In Proceedings of UNICEG, Nottingham, UK.

Allen, J, Hargrave, GK, Khoo, YC (2003) In-Nozzle and Spray Diagnostic Techniques for Real-Sized Pressure Swirl and Plain Orifice Gasoline Direct Injectors. In SAE 03-FFL-164, -.

Hargrave, GK, Carroni, R, Versteeg, HK (2002) Velocity Field Measurements in a Non-Premixed Bluff-Body Burner using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2002), City University, London.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (2002) The Physics of Aerosol Formation by pMDI: an Update, Invited Lecture. In Proceedings of the Conference Drug Delivery to the Lungs XIII, London, UK, pp.60-66, ISBN: 0-9529777-9-6.

Anandarajah, K, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2002) Time Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry: Analysis of Random Errors. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics (ICOLAD 2002), City University, London, UK, pp.1-15.

Jalili, V, Begg, S, Patel, MK, Versteeg, H, Hargrave, G, Bailey, C, Shrubb, I (2002) Design analysis of the volumatic a CFD and experimental study. In , American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Pressure Vessels and Piping Division (Publication) PVP, pp.221-227, DOI: 10.1115/PVP2002-1555.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2002) Near-orifice Spray and Valve Flow Regime of a Pharmaceutical Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler. In Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems, Zaragoza, Spain, pp.171-176, ISBN: 84-95480-70-0.

Jalili, V, Patel, MK, Bailey, C, Begg, S, Versteeg, HK, Shrubb, I, Hargrave, GK (2002) Design Analysis of the Volumatic - a CFD and Experimental Study. In Paper E26, Proceedings of the Conference on Computational Technologies for Fluid/Thermal/Chemical Systems with Industrial Applications, (2002 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference), Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp.221-227.

Page, VJ, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Versteeg, HK (2002) Development of a Validated CFD Process for the Analysis of Inlet Manifold Flows with EGR. In Proceedings of the Society of Automotive Engineers Congress and Exposition, SAE Paper No 2002-01-0071, Detroit, USA, pp.1-15.

Fairweather, M and Hargrave, GK (2002) Optical Diagnostic Study of Two-Dimensional, Premixed Laminar Flames. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Khoo, YC and Hargrave, GK (2002) An Investigation of the Effect of Nozzle Characteristics on Liquid Atomisation in a GDI Injector. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Anandarajah, K, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2002) Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry: Analysis of Random Errors. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Ung, L and Hargrave, GK (2002) An Investigation of Underexpanded Jets from Straight Nozzles. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Jarvis, S and Hargrave, GK (2002) Local Flame/Flow Characterisation in Turbulent Flame Propagation. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Jarvis, S and Hargrave, GK (2002) Characterisation of Turbulent Flame Propagation. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Flow Visualisation, Kyoto, Japan, Paper No F0103.

Allen, J and Hargrave, GK (2002) In-Nozzle Fluid Flow in Real Sized Pressure Swirl Gasoline Injectors. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Flow Visualisation, Kyoto, Japan, Paper No F0232.

Ung, L and Hargrave, GK (2002) Underexpended Free Jets: An Experimental Investigation. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Flow Visualisation, Kyoto, Japan, Paper No F0051.

Patel, S, Ibrahim, SS, Yehia, MA, Hargrave, GK (2002) Investigation of Premixed Turbulent Combustion in a Semi-confined Explosion Chamber. In Proceedings of the 2nd Mediterranean Combusion Symposium, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, pp.299-309.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2002) Study of Flow Characteristics and Particle Trajectories on a Model of the Human Upper Airway. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Optical and Laser Diagnostics, London, UK.

Jarvis, S and Hargrave, GK (2002) Characterisation of Turbulent Flame Propagation. In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Flow Visualisation, Kyoto, Japan.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2001) Inhaled Air and Aerosol Particle Flow Characteristics in a Model of the Human Upper Airway. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Goettingen, Germany, Paper 1141.

Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC, Halliwell, NA (2001) A Study of the Velocity Field in the Stagnation Zone of an Impacting Turbulent Jet using DPIV. In Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on Particle Image Velocimetry, Gottingen, Germany.

Ibrahim, SS, Patel, S, Hargrave, GK (2001) Calculations of Unsteady Turbulent Premixed Combustion in Rectangular Duct with Solid Obstruction. In Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flows Phenomena, -.

Patel, S, Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK (2001) Calculation of Deflagrating Flame in a Rectangular Duct with Internal Solid Obstruction. In Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), Seattle, Washington, USA, pp.21-25.

Jarvis, S, Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS (2001) An Experimental Investigation of Flame Deflagration Over Single and Multiple Solid Obstacles. In Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), Seattle, Washington, USA, pp.28-33.

Hargrave, GK and Versteeg, HK (2001) Inhaled Air and Aerosol Particle Flow Characteristics in a Model of the Human Upper Airway. In Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry, Gottingen, Germany, Paper 1141.

Patel, S, Ibrahim, SS, Hargrave, GK (2001) Computational study of flame deflagration over solid obstacles. In Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), Seattle, Washington, USA.

Jarvis, S, Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS (2001) Experimental Investigation of Flame Deflagration over Solid Obstacle. In Proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), Seattle, Washington, USA.

Allen, J, Law, D, Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK (2000) 21st Century engine technology. In IMechE Conference Series, Advanced Engine Technology, -.

Allen, J, Heath, J, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (2000) An investigation of spray structure for single and twin fluid GDI injectors. In IMechE Conference Series, Optical Diagnostics in Heat and Fluid Flow, -.

Hargrave, GK and Fairweather, M (2000) DPIV Measurements in Axisymmetric, Impinging Turbulent Jets. In IMechE Conference Series, Optical Diagnostics in Heat and Fluid Flow, -.

Versteeg, HK, Hargrave, GK, Harrington, L, Shrubb, I (2000) The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict pMDI air flows and aerosol plume formation. In Respiratory Drug Delivery VII, Palm Harbor at Tarpon Springs, Florida, pp.257-264.

Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS, Williams, TC (2000) Mixture Effects on Turbulent Premixed Flame Propagation Over Cylinders. In Nagano, Y, Hanjalic, K, Tsuji, eds, T (ed) Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, Nagoya, Japan, pp.807-814, ISBN: 4 87256 650 5.

Fairweather, N and Hargrave, GK (2000) Scalar transport in axisymmetric, impinging turbulent jets. In Proc. Third International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, Nagoya, Japan, pp.60-66, ISBN: 4-87256-650-5.

Hargrave, GK, Ibrahim, SS, Williams, TC (2000) Mixture Effects on Turbulent Premixed Flame Propagation Over Cylinders. In Nagano, Y, Hanjalic, K, eds, TT (ed) Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, Nagoya, Japan, pp.807-814, ISBN: 4-87256-650-5.

Hargrave, GK and Williams, T (2000) High speed visualisation of flame propagation in explosions. In 9th International Symposium of Flow Visualisation, Edinburgh, pp.60-66.

Hargrave, GK, Williams, TC, Halliwell, NA (2000) A study of flow around bluff bodies using time-resolved PIV at 20kHz. In 9th International Symposium of Flow Visualisation, Edinburgh, UK, pp.60-66.

Hargrave, GK and Williams, TC (2000) Inlet mixing and NOx formation in a Helmholz pulse combustor. In 9th International Symposium of Flow Visualisation, Edinburgh, pp.60-66.

Allen, J and Hargrave, GK (2000) Fundamental study of in-nozzle fluid flow and turbulence and its effect on liquid jet break-up in gasoline injectors. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference on Liquid Atomisation and Sprays, ILASS 2000, Germany.

Williams, P, Pitcher, G, Allen, J, Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK (2000) An advanced optically accessed single cylinder engine for laser based diagnostics. In Proceedings of Engine Expo 2000, Hamburg, Germany.

Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Law, D, Pitcher, G, Durell, E, Allen, J (2000) Air flow and fuel spray characterization - diagnostics for the 21st century engines. In International Conference on 21st Century Emissions Technology, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 21ST CENTURY EMISSIONS TECHNOLOGY, IMECHE HEADQUARTERS, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp.229-241, ISBN: 1-86058-322-9.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) Inlet mixing and NOx formation in a Helmholtz pulse combustor. In 28th International Symposium on Combustion, PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE, UNIV EDINBURGH, EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, pp.1289-1295, DOI: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80342-2.

Williams, TC, Hargrave, GK, Garner, CP, Hanby, VI (2000) Inlet mixing and NOx formation in a helmholtz pulse combustor. In , Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, pp.1289-1295, DOI: 10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80342-2.

Allen, J, Heath, J, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (1999) Comparison of the spray characteristics of alternative GDI fuel injection systems under atmospheric and elevated pressure operation. In Proceedings of the 15th Internal Combustion Engine Symposium (International), Seoul, Korea, pp.oo 29-34.

Allen, J, Simms, A, Williams, P, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (1999) An advanced optically accessed single cylinder research and development engine for fuel/air mixing and combustion diagnostics. In Proceedings of the 15th Internal Combustion Engine Symposium (International), Seoul, Korea, pp.595-600.

Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Allen, J, Heath, J (1999) Initial comparisons of single and dual fluid injectors for gasoline direct injection systems under atmospheric and elevated pressure. In Proceedings of ILASS-Europe 99, Lisbon, Portugal.

Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G, Allen, J, Bacon, A (1998) Optical Diagnostics and Direct Injection of Liquid Fuel Sprays. In Proceedings of the VSJ-SPIE '98 International Conference on Optical Technology and Image Processing in Fluid, Thermal and Combustion Flow, Paper No. AB112 available on CD ROM only, Yokohama, JAPAN, pp.1-9.

Allen, J, Bacon, A, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (1998) Laser diagnostic techniques for gasoline direct injection combustion system. In IMechE Conference Transactions, London, pp.183-198.

Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G, Allen, J, Bacon, A (1998) Laser diagnostic techniques for gasoline direct injection combustion system development. In IMechE Conference Transactions, London, pp.121-134.

Wigley, G, Hargrave, GK, Heath, J (1998) A High Power, High Resolution LDA/PDA System Applied to Dense Gasoline Direct Injection Sprays. In Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Paper No.9, Lisbon, Portugal, pp.1-8.

Miquel, PF, Perrin, M, Lasagni, F, Beghi, M, Hasko, S, Hargrave, GK, Levinsky, H, Mokhov, AV, De Vries, H (1998) Detailed measurements in an idealised and practical natural gas household boiler. In International Gas Research Conference, San Diego, California, USA, pp.461-472.

Allen, J, Bacon, A, Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G (1998) Laser diagnostic techniques for gasoline direct injection combustion system development. In IMechE Conference Transactions (1998-2) International Conference on Combustion, Engines and Hybrid Vehicles, London, pp.60-66.

Hargrave, GK, Wigley, G, Allen, J, Bacon, A (1998) Optical diagnostics and direct injection of liquid fuel sprays. In International Conference on Optical Methods and Data Processing in Heat and Fluid Flow, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL METHODS AND DATA PROCESSING IN HEAT AND FLUID FLOW, CITY UNIV LONDON, LONDON, ENGLAND, pp.121-134, ISBN: 1-86058-142-0.

Moloney, KW, Lowndes, IS, Hargrave, GK (1997) Further studies on alternative methods of ventilating headings using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), scale and full scale trials. In 5th International Mine Ventilation Congress, Pittsburgh, PA, pp.409-503.

Watson, GR, Barton, NA, Hargrave, GK (1997) Using new CFD techniques to improve PDC bit performance - SPE 37580. In SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, pp.234-242.

Watson, GR, Barton, NA, Hargrave, GK (1997) Using new computational fluid dynamics techniques to improve PDC bit performance. In , Proceedings of the Drilling Conference, pp.91-105, DOI: 10.2118/37580-ms.

Moloney, KW, Hargrave, GK, Lowndes, IS (1996) Comparison of flow visualisation and LDA measurements with CFD predictions using a 1/10th scale model of an auxiliary ventilated heading. In UKALA Symposium on Validation of CFD, Loughborough University, Loughborough, pp.461-472.

Hargrave, GK and Kilham, JK (1984) EFFECT OF TURBULENCE INTENSITY ON CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER FROM PREMIXED METHANE-AIR FLAMES. In , Institution of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, pp.1025-1034, ISBN: 9780852951705. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-85295-175-0.50033-3.

Books

(2012) Fuel Systems for IC Engines, Woodhead Publishing Limited, ISBN: 9780857092106. DOI: 10.1533/9780857096043.

CD Objects

Justham, T, Jarvis, S, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2005) Simultaneous Study of Intake and In-Cylinder IC Engine Flow Fields to Provide an Insight into Intake Induced Cyclic Variations,.

Jarvis, S, Justham, T, Clarke, A, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Halliwell, NA (2005) Time Resolved Digital PIV Measurements of Flow Field Cyclic Variation in an Optical IC Engine,.

Versteeg, HK and Hargrave, GK (2001) Inhaled Air and Aerosol Particle Flow Characteristics in a Model of the Human Upper Airway,.

Chapters

Efthymiou, P, Davy, MH, Garner, CP, Hargrave, GK, Rimmer, JET, Richardson, D, Harris, J (2013) An optical investigation of a cold-start DISI engine startup strategy. In Internal Combustion Engines: Performance, Fuel Economy and Emissions, Elsevier, pp.33-52, DOI: 10.1533/9781782421849.1.33.